Hildoceras bifrons (Bruguière, 1789) is a cosmopolite ammonite species from the Lower Jurassic of Boreal and Mediterranean (Tethys) palaeogeographical provinces. Inter-demic phylogenetic variability are noticeable, also affecting most distinctive morphological trait: spiral groove along whorl flank. Since XIX century, however, number morphotypes assigned to (many which Apennines other Italian l...

The review examines the historical aspects of hippocampus nomenclature. Its anatomical study began by ancient Greeks, who called unusual–looking structure a “ram’s horn” – cornu ammonis. term “hippocampus” (ancient Greek: ἱππόκαμπος, from ἵππος, “horse” and κάμπος, “sea monster”, or “sea-horse”) was first introduced in sixteenth century anatomist J.C. Arantius. “hippocampal formation” is curren...

The negative impact of chronic stress at the structure of apical dendrite branches of cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) pyramidal neurons is well established. However, there is no information available on the CA3 dendritic organization related to short-lasting stress, which suffices to produce long-term habituation or sensitization of anxiety behaviors and neuroendocrine responses. Here, we tested the effe...

It is well-established that the feed-forward connected main hippocampal areas, CA3, CA2, and CA1 work cooperatively during spatial navigation and memory. These areas are similar in terms of the prevalent types of neurons; however, they display different spatial coding and oscillatory dynamics. Understanding the temporal dynamics of these operations requires simultaneous recordings from these re...

To investigate developmental morphological variation of the hippocampal formation, we evaluated the degree of hippocampal infolding in cross-sectional oblique coronal images of the cerebral peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle. We defined the hippocampal infolding angle as the angle between the vertical midline and the straight line connecting the medial superior margin of the subiculu...

Limbic P300 potentials can be recorded within the mesial temporal lobes of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To delineate possible mechanisms of their generation and pathological alteration, we analysed limbic P300s in 55 TLE patients with and 29 without Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) and correlated their amplitudes with neuronal cell counts in 30 histopathological specimens. Limbic P30...