background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major health dilemma and cause of morbidity and mortality in either industrialized or developing countries and inhaled corticosteroids are widely used worldwide in these patients. in this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the effectiveness of these gents compared to placebo. methods: pubmed and google scholar literature search h...

background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a chronic respiratory disease, which reduces the lung function and causes respiratory symptoms over time, and it is primarily associated with shortness of breath, cough and sputum production. roflumilast, which is a long-acting selective inhibitor, reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of the main symptoms of copd. the aim of this study...

materials and methods weighted logistic regression models were used for the analysis of 1,248 cases and 39,995 controls from the 2005 california health interview survey (chis). results the prevalence of spd was 10% in cases and 4% in controls, respectively. the percentages of past and current smoking were higher in cases than controls (50% vs. 24% and 27% vs. 15%, respectively). after adjusting...

background chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a devastating disease.while there is no cure for copd and the lung damage associated with this disease cannot be reversed, it is still very important to diagnose it as early as possible. objectives in this paper, we propose a novel method based on the measurement of air trapping in the lungs from ct images to detect copd and to evaluate...

the clinical copd questionnaire (ccq) has been developed to measure the health status of copd patients. the aim of this study was to translate ccq into the persian language and assess the validity and reliability of the translated version. we used a forward-backward procedure to translate the questionnaire. in a cross-sectional study 100 copd patients and 50 healthy subjects over 40 years old w...

INTRODUCTION One in five college students report tobacco use, thus universities are making strides to reduce tobacco use by adopting smoke- or tobacco-free policies. PURPOSE Describe an innovative ambassador program to increase adherence with a tobacco-free campus policy. METHODS The Tobacco-Free Take Action! (TFTA!) Ambassador program was created to form an environment of compliance. Hot s...

abstract   background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and is an important health economic problem. since 1960, there has been an increase in mortality associated with copd, especially in men. acute exacerbations form a major component of the socioeconomic burden of copd which mainly results in long-term hospitalization. despite the high...

In this paper, we prove some strong and Δ−convergence theorems of total asymptotically nonexpansive non-self mappings in CAT (0) spaces. Our results extend and improve the corresponding recent results announced by many authors. Mathematics Subject Classifications: 47H09, 47J25