transnational organized crime, is one of the most important problem of international community in21 century.at the late of 20 century, international community and united nations organization due to unification, cooperation, harmonization, conclude a convention to combat such actions . this document was named (united nations convention against transnational organized crime), which completed with...

Virtual Enterprises are an emerging model for the organization of innovative enterprises. They are characterized by brief relationships and geographical dispersion of members. E-collaboration tools play a critical role in the integration of such organizational systems. In particular these tools support both cooperation and coordination. Cooperation has been defined as the problem of aligning go...

A cooperative intelligent agent is a user's personal consultant that takes care of problems the user got, and solve them either by itself or through cooperation. To construct a suitable organization structure which allows individual agents to easily reason about the others' activities, and thus nd the peers, is a key issue for e cient cooperation. In this paper, we suggest an activity-oriented ...

In 2018 Pakistan as well India participated for the first time a full scale member of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) that held at Qingdao city China on June 9-10. Obviously, provided brilliant opportunity to show willingness and readiness contribute effectiveness SCO. Pakistan’s inclusion into organization has opened timely bid regional peace economic prosperity its nation. There are m...

During the past years, special emphasis was put on medical preparedness in the event of radiological or nuclear emergencies. Novin Medical Radiation Institute (NMRI) encouraged and supported the national authorities to enhance their cooperation in improving medical response to radiation accident. NMRI in cooperation with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Atomic Energy Organization o...

Cooperation means a donor pays a cost, c, for a recipient to get a benefit b. In evolutionary biology, cost and benefit are measured in terms of fitness. While mutation and selection represent the main ‘forces’ of evolutionary dynamics, cooperation is a fundamental principle that is required for every level of biological organization. Individual cells rely on cooperation among their components....

A process modeling method was raised based on cooperation pattern in airplane design, aiming at the difficulty of complexity and enormous magnitude of airplane design process. Investigating design steps, tools and organization of airplane design experienced, summarized four cooperation patterns. Feature of these patterns were analyzed, by distinguish their application backgrounds and scenarios....

We show that fluid organizations display higher levels of cooperation than attainable by groups with either a fixed social structure or lacking one altogether. By moving within the organization, individuals cause restructurings that facilitate cooperation. Computer experiments simulating fluid organizations faced with a social dilemma reveal a myriad of complex cooperative behaviors that result...