Photo 1. The Sierra de Cazorla mountains in southeastern Spain, where the study was carried out. area is characterized by rugged topography, high habitat and species diversity, outstanding degree of preservation natural vegetation. credit: Carlos M. Herrera. 2. As many other mountain areas from mid-latitudes Holarctic realm, flowering season plant communities starts well before end winter, when...

Using surface and deep seawater collected in the sea area of Muroto Cape (Kochi, Japan), desalinated drinking samples of about 1200 hardness were prepared and examined for the effects on the prevention of atherosclerosis in dietary induced hyperlipidemia rabbits. The plasma LDL cholesterol level was lower in the deep seawater group than in the surface seawater group. GPx activity was significan...

Planktonic foraminifera record oceanic conditions in their shell geochemistry. Many palaeoenvironmental studies have used fossil planktonic foraminifera to constrain past seawater properties by defining species based on their shell morphology. Recent genetic studies, however, have identified ecologically distinct genotypes within traditionally recognized morphospecies, signaling potential reper...

Brackish springs have been extensively reported in Mediterranean coastal carbonate formations. The phenomenon is puzzling because these may discharge high flow rates with significant salinities at elevations of several meters above sea level. Although studied for millennia (since the ancient Greeks), controversy persists. In essence, they are typically assumed to consist a karstic conduit bring...

To survive the juvenile stage, giant clam juveniles need to establish a symbiotic relationship with the microalgae Symbiodinium occurring in the environment. The percentage of giant clam juveniles succeeding in symbiosis establishment ("symbiosis rate") is often low, which is problematic for seed producers. We investigated how and why symbiosis rates vary, depending on whether giant clam seeds ...

Heavy metals in ocean water which cause hazardous impact to the marine organisms. Effluent discharges from industries such as metal processing, paints and pigment production, biocides production through domestic sewage nearby villages. Toxic cadmium (Cd), Cr, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn) emanate these polluting seawater paving way for many serious problems we face today. The current stu...

the objective of this study was to compare growth performance and feed conversion ratios of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) juveniles in monoculture and duo-culture in freshwater and seawater under aquarium conditions. the fish were about 2-months old hatchery-reared brook and rainbow trout with initial weights of 0.934±0.033 (n=360) and 1.014±0.019 (...

When naval mine-hunting sonars and side-scan surveying sonars operating at 20~60 kHz are working in shallow coastal waters, the visco-thermal absorption of sound by suspended mud in the water may greatly decrease their detection properties. This kind of water is also characterized as turbid seawater. However, the research on measuring the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid seawater has l...

Inshore coral reefs are experiencing the combined pressures of excess nutrient availability associated with coastal activities and warming seawater temperatures. Both pressures are known to have detrimental effects on the early life history stages of hard corals, but studies of their combined effects on early demographic stages are lacking. We conducted a series of experiments to test the combi...