Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are attracting a lot of scientific engineering attention nowadays, nothing up to now has been achieved reach the level building machines that possess human-like intelligence. Though, community continuously claims several problems solved using AI or ML. Here, it is argued engineers not being able build intelligent machines, implying...

This paper provides a review of Rhetoric and the Rule of Law, by Neil MacCormick, focussing on the role of logic in legal reasoning. In particular it considers the connection between syllogism, formal methods and rhetoric, and it distinguishes various aspects of legal defeasibility.

The aim of this paper is to provide a Routley-Meyer semantics for Ackermann’s logics of “strenge Implikation” Π′ and Π′′. Besides the Disjunctive Syllogism, this semantics validates the rules Necessitation and Assertion. Strong completeness theorems for Π′ and Π′′ are proved. A brief discussion on Π′, Π′′ and paraconsistency is included.

Based on the syllogism of formal logic and triangulation theory of algebraic topology, a new method of knowledge representation with 2-simplex called simplex representation is given in this paper. To show differences, the method is compared with others. The simplex representation has special characteristics in representation abilities, expression ability, and representation modality. General Te...

B.K.Matilal, and earlier J.F.Staal, have suggested a reading of the ‘Nyāya five limb schema’ (also sometimes referred to as the Indian Schema or Hindu Syllogism) from Gotama’s Nyāya-Sūtra in terms of a binary occurrence relation. In this paper we provide a rational justification of a version of this reading as Analogical Reasoning within the framework of Polyadic Pure Inductive Logic.