During development segmentation is a process that generates a spatial periodic pattern. Peak splitting of waves of gene expression is a mathematically predicted, simple strategy accounting for this type of process, but it has not been well characterized biologically. Here we show temporally repeated splitting of gene expression into stripes that is associated with head axis growth in the spider...

Convergence is a pervasive evolutionary process, affecting many aspects of phenotype and even genotype. Relatively little is known about convergence in developmental processes, however, nor about the degree to which convergence in development underlies convergence in anatomy. A switch in the ecology of sea urchins from feeding to nonfeeding larvae illustrates how convergence in development can ...

The Twisted Gastrulation (TSG) protein is one of five secreted proteins required to pattern the dorsal part of the early Drosophila embryo. Unlike the Decapentaplegic (DPP) protein that is required to pattern the entire dorsal half of the embryo, TSG is needed only to specify the fate of the dorsal midline cells. Here we have misexpressed the tsg gene with different promoters to address its mec...

a three day old neonate was referred to our department with a problem of a sternal cleft. sternal clefts are often associated with a myriad of other abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. we present our experience with such a problem, and review the current literature concerning it.

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of a film jet inclined to different supersonic situations with varying Mach number the main were numerically investigated. In situations, complicated waves are generated by obstacle jet. this work, extra pressure is exerted onto jet, causing better attachment wall. strengthening decreases mixing between cooling. We observed multi-interfacial layered st...

This article examines the heat and mass transfer capabilities of a constitutive model in thermally evolving steady laminar Jeffery–Hamel flow through convergent-plate channel, including streamwise conduction with step changes uniform wall temperature. A problem simple shear is used to undertake comparative computational analysis thermal behavior viscoelastic fluid subjected autocatalytic proces...

the baluarte do cavaleiro is part of the stone masonry wall system existing in the city ofchaves of portugal and it is a construction dated from the xvii century. the baluarte docavaleiro is formed by three walls (north-east, ne; south-east, se; south-west, sw) andby two junction elements (designated here by cunhais). the se wall has suffered twocollapses recently. the main objective of this re...