Spatially explicit reconstruction of historical land cover change is a prerequisite for more comprehensive understanding environmental changes. Anthropogenic activities have dramatically altered the conterminous United States (CONUS), encroaching heavily on primary vegetation. However, few datasets exist that depict trajectory forest and grassland changes in CONUS over last millennium, previous...

Intramedullary teratoma is extremely rare and to our knowledge has been reported in only nine cases in the literature. We report a case of mature cystic teratoma of the conus medullaris. The case was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and operated with microneurosurgical techniques.

A primitive form of double-outlet right ventricle is described clinically and anatomically. A long tubular conus, arising exclusively from the right ventricle emptied into the transposed great vessels. Together with the presence of A-V canal malformation this heart represented a developmental arrest in the embryonic stage of the bulboventricular loop seen in horizon XV. Diagnosis is made on the...

The predatory cone snails (Conus) are among the most successful living marine animals (;500 living species). Each Conus species is a specialist in neuropharmacology, and uses venom to capture prey, to escape from and defend against predators and possibly to deter competitors. An individual cone snail’s venom contains a diverse mixture of pharmacological agents, mostly small, structurally constr...

A 47-year-old female patient who experienced urinary urgency after having stretching exercises of her legs is presented. Stretching of the legs are thought to be responsible for conus medullaris tethering which in turn causes urinary complaints. What is interesting in this case is that her complaints about urinary urgency stopped as she quit stretching exercise movements of her ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal arteriovenous shunts below the conus constitute 3 types of lesions, which have previously been mainly described in case reports, given their rarity, and are sometimes misdiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to describe the features of each type and compare these types as to epidemiologic features, clinical and radiologic presentations, treatment, and outcomes i...

Streptomyces are Gram-positive bacteria that occupy diverse ecological niches including host-associations with animals and plants. Members of this genus are known for their overwhelming repertoire of natural products, which has been exploited for almost a century as a source of medicines and agrochemicals. Notwithstanding intense scientific and commercial interest in Streptomyces natural produc...

The development of paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions in the conterminous United States (CONUS) has provided water resource managers with improved insights into multi-decadal and centennial scale variability that cannot be reliably detected using shorter instrumental records. Paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions have largely focused on individual catchments limiting the ability to quant...

Satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations have been used to estimate particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). However, such a relationship could be affected by the representativeness of satellitederived AOD to surface aerosol particle mass concentration and satellite AOD data quality. Using purely measurementbased methods, we have explored the impacts of data quality and...