Since the late 1990s, bed bugs of the species Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus have undergone a worldwide resurgence. These bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that readily bite humans. Cutaneous reactions may occur and can start out as small macular lesions that can develop into distinctive wheals of around 5 cm in diameter, which are accompanied by intense itching. Occasionally, bullous ...

T he ongoing Zika virus outbreak, which briefly threatened to put a stop to the 2016 Olympic Games in Brazil, has again focused attention on the threat of vector-borne diseases. One efficient strategy to battle such diseases, now underway in Brazil to fight the Zika virus, is to kill the insects that carry the pathogen. Vector control has been practised with varying effectiveness for at least h...

Though myopia has been studied throughout history, the topic has gained significantly more attention over the past few decades. An internet search displays over 5 million results and over 15,000 articles written on the topic. Yet there is great debate as to the clinical efficacy of current methods in myopia control and our duty as physicians to incorporate a means of intervention into our treat...

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of most significant environmental challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. It occurs as a result of natural oxidation of sulphide minerals contained in mining wastes at operating and closed/decommissioned mine sites. AMD may adversely impact the surface water and groundwater quality and land use due to its typical low pH, high acidity and elevated concent...

Most cattle harbor internal parasites. Parasitic in­ fections cost the U.S. beef industry more than $3 billion in economic losses due to reduced weight gain and feed conversion and increased stress leading to in­ creased susceptibility to diseases. Parasite populations and levels of infection are influenced by environmental factors and the production and management systems. In Hawaii, the subtr...

In this paper, we investigate three problems concerning the toric ideal associated to a matroid. Firstly, we list all matroids M such that its corresponding toric ideal IM is a complete intersection. Secondly, we handle the problem of detecting minors of a matroidM from a minimal set of binomial generators of IM. In particular, given a minimal set of binomial generators of IM we provide a neces...

Guaranteed Annuity Options (GAOs) are options available to holders of certain pension policies. Under these contracts, policyholders contribute premiums into a fund managed by the insurer. At retirement, the policyholders buy life annuities at a guaranteed rate provided by the original insurer, or annuitize with another insurer. If the guaranteed annuity rates are better than the prevailing rat...

In this paper we study different algorithms for reflected backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE in short) with two continuous barriers based on binomial tree framework. We introduce numerical algorithms by penalization method and reflected method respectively. In the end simulation results are also presented.