Recently, an invariant structure of speech was proposed, where the inevitable acoustic variations caused by non-linguistic factors are effectively removed from speech. The invariant structure was applied to isolated word recognition and the experimental results showed good performance. However, the previous method can’t apply to continuous speech recognition directly because there was no effici...

A novel version of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms for solving continuous space problems is presented in this paper. The basic structure and concepts of the originally reported ACO are preserved and adaptation of the algorithm to the case of continuous space is implemented within the general framework. The stigmergic communication is simulated through considering certain direction vect...

the problem of crack identification in continuous beam like structures is considered. the cracks’ locations and their depths are identified by employing experimental modal test results performed on the structure. the cracks are modeled using generic elements to include the coupling effects between shear forces and bending moments at the crack section. in the identification procedure eigen- sens...

BACKGROUND Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is frequently used in preterm infants. However, there is no consensus on when and how to wean them from NCPAP. DATA SOURCES Based on recent publications, we have reviewed the criteria of readiness-to-wean and factors affecting weaning success. A special focus is placed on the methods of weaning from NCPAP in preterm infants. RESUL...

A study was undertaken to compare CPAP/IMV systems shown to be in common use in the U.K. The most frequently used system (Servo 900B) has characteristics which are likely to increase the work of breathing. Recommendations are made regarding the theoretically most acceptable systems.