Several experiments have demonstrated increased synapse number within the cerebellar cortex in association with motor skill learning but not with motor activity alone. The persistence of these synaptic changes in the absence of continued training was examined in the present experiment. Adult female rats were randomly allocated to either an acrobatic condition (AC) or a motor activity condition ...

Objective(s): There is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (METH) on spatial memory. We tested the time- dependent effects of METH on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in METH –sensitized and withdrawn rats in the Morris water maze. Materials and Methods: Rats were sensitized to METH (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, SC). Rats were trained in water maze ...

In this paper a nonparametric neural network (NN) technique for prediction of future values of a signal based on its past history is presented. This approach bypasses modeling, identification, and parameter estimation phases that are required by conventional parametric techniques. A multi-layer feed forward NN is employed. It develops an internal model of the signal through a training operation...

Background: Parent training is an appropriate way to increase their awareness in dealing with a sick child. Childhood illness causes parents to be worried and stressed. Lack of information about disease will increase their concern. Educational programs can reduce parental stress and postoperative complications. Methods: In this study, the mothers of Hirsc...

Background and objective: Nutrition and physical activity are two factors which affecting the control of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly population. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of continued training (CT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) along with Citrus aurantium (Ca) on aerobic power and body composition of elderly rats. Material An...

An increasingly aging workforce and advances in technology are changing work environments and structures. The continued employability of older adults, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status (SES), requires them to participate in training programs to ensure their competence in today's workplace. Focus groups with 37 unemployed adults (51-76 years old) were conducted to gather informati...

Embryonic expression of the murine homologue of SALL1, the gene mutated in Townes±Brocks syndrome 143 Xenopus Smad3 is speci®cally expressed in the chordoneural hinge, notochord and in the endocardium of the developing heart 147 Cloning and expression pattern of a novel PEBP2b-binding protein (charged amino acid rich leucine zipper-1 [Crl-1]) in the mouse 151

Call-by-name can be simulated in a call-by-value setting using \thunks" (i.e., parameterless procedures) or continuation-passing-style (CPS). In this paper we uncover a relationship between the two simulations. We prove that the call-by-value CPS transformation Cv, when applied to a term T (t) which simulates call-by-name using thunks, yields a term identical to the call-by-name CPS transformat...

INTRODUCTION Reiki is a Japanese form of energy healing that has become popular in the US. Reiki training involves three stages-levels I, II, and III-to a master practitioner level and requires both giving and receiving Reiki. We set out to implement a program to train clients of a supported residence in Brooklyn, NY. They were all older than age 50 years and had HIV/AIDS and substance-abuse an...

AIM To investigate compliance with transanal irrigation (TAI) one year after a training session and to identify predictive factors for compliance. METHODS The compliance of one hundred eight patients [87 women and 21 men; median age 55 years (range 18-83)] suffering from constipation or fecal incontinence (FI) was retrospectively assessed. The patients were trained in TAI over a four-year per...