if the target of foreign language teaching is to use the language, communicative language teaching (clt) seems to be an ideal teaching model. the goal of teaching with this method is to use the language as a medium of communication (adi, 2012).the application of the communicative approach in teaching english as a foreign language, however, is associated with some problems that can cause the met...

We propose a sound and complete satisfiability algorithm for propositional multi-context systems. In essence, the algorithm is a distribution policy built on top of local reasoning procedures, one for each context, which can be implemented by (a diversity of) customized state-of-the-art SAT solvers. The foremost intuition that has motivated our algorithm, and the very potential strength of cont...

Ontologies have become the de-facto modeling tool of choice, used in a variety of applications and prominently in the Semantic Web. Their design and maintenance, nevertheless, have been and still are a daunting task. As a result, ontologies quickly become underspecified. Therefore, if ontologies do not evolve, the semantic infrastructure of the information system can no longer support the chang...

We focus on how we should define the relevance of information to a context for information processing agents, such as oracles. We build our formalization of relevance upon works in pragmatics which refer to contextual information without giving any explicit representation of context. We use a formalization of context (due to us) in Situation Theory, and demonstrate its power in this task. We al...

Any action is performed in a particular context. So what does it mean to do the ‘same’ thing in a different context? There is no simple answer to this question , it depends on the interpretation of the operation and even then may be ambiguous. This is not a purely theoretical problem, but occurs in practical computational problems. This paper examines this issue looking at three different probl...

This article describes issues in measuring school contexts with an eye toward understanding students' experiences and outcomes. I begin with an overview of the conceptual underpinnings related to measuring contexts, briefly describe the initiatives at the National Center for Education Statistics to measure school contexts, and identify possible gaps in those initiatives that if filled could pro...