We take a multi-pass approach to machine translation decoding when using synchronous context-free grammars as the translation model and n-gram language models: the first pass uses a bigram language model, and the resulting parse forest is used in the second pass to guide search with a trigram language model. The trigram pass closes most of the performance gap between a bigram decoder and a much...

A code C ⊆ Fn 2 is a (c, ǫ, δ)-expander code if it has a Tanner graph, where every variable node has degree c, and every subset of variable nodes L0 such that |L0| ≤ δn has at least ǫc|L0| neighbors. Feldman et al. (IEEE IT, 2007) proved that LP decoding corrects 3ǫ−2 2ǫ−1 · (δn − 1) errors of (c, ǫ, δ)expander code, where ǫ > 2 3 + 1 3c . In this paper, we provide a simpler proof of their resu...

We take a two-pass approach to machine translation decoding when using synchronous context-free grammars as the translation model and n-gram language models: the first pass uses a bigram language model, and the resulting parse forest is used in the second pass to guide search with a trigram language model. The trigram pass closes most of the performance gap between a bigram decoder and a much s...

Odor information is encoded in the activity of a population of glomeruli in the primary olfactory center. However, how this information is decoded in the brain remains elusive. Here, we address this question in Drosophila by combining neuronal imaging and tracking of innate behavioral responses. We find that the behavior is accurately predicted by a model summing normalized glomerular responses...

When the nervous system is presented with multiple simultaneous inputs of some variable, such as wavelength or disparity, they can be combined to give rise to qualitatively new percepts that cannot be produced by any single input value. For example, there is no single wavelength that appears white. Many models of decoding neural population codes have problems handling multiple inputs, either at...

Video coding standards, such as MPEG-4, H.264, and VC1, define hybrid transform based block motion compensated techniques that employ almost the same coding tools. This observation has been a foundation for defining the MPEG Reconfigurable Multimedia Coding framework that targets to facilitate multi-format codec design. The idea is to send a description of the codec with the bit stream, and to ...

Using a numerical approach, tradeoffs between code rate and decoding complexity are studied for long-block-length irregular low-density parity-check codes decoded using the sum-product algorithm under the usual parallel-update messagepassing schedule. The channel is an additive white Gaussian noise channel and the modulation format is binary antipodal signalling, although the methodology can be...

BACKGROUND Codon pair usage (codon context) is a species specific gene primary structure feature whose evolutionary and functional roles are poorly understood. The data available show that codon-context has direct impact on both translation accuracy and efficiency, but one does not yet understand how it affects these two translation variables or whether context biases shape gene evolution. ME...

We discuss learning latent annotations for synchronous context-free grammars (SCFG) for the purpose of improving machine translation. We show that learning annotations for nonterminals results in not only more accurate translation, but also faster SCFG decoding.

Multimedia transmission over time-varying wireless channels presents a number of challenges beyond existing capabilities conceived so far for third-generation networks. Efficient quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning for multimedia on these channels may in particular require a loosening and a rethinking of the layer separation principle. In that context, joint source-channel decoding (JSCD) str...