Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is used to remediate contaminated groundwater plumes and contaminant source zones. The target contaminant concentration and groundwater solutes (NO3-, Cl-, HCO3-, SO4(2-), and HPO4(2-)) should affect the NZVI longevity and reactivity with target contaminants, but these effects are not well understood. This study evaluates the effect of trichloroethylene (TCE) c...

Groundwater contamination is a major problem in many parts of the world. Remediation of contaminated groundwater is a tedious, time consuming and expensive process. Pump and treat (PAT) is one of the commonly used techniques for groundwater remediation. Simulation-optimization (S/O) models are very useful in appropriate design of an effective PAT remediation system. Simulation models can be emp...

The investigators will design a system that uses an infrared camera to record the heat plumes associated with different breathing patterns in controlled experiments and then develop computer algorithms to process and characterize these heat plumes. To accomplish this processing, the recorded heat plumes will be sampled to capture the temporal and spatial information contained in the heat plume....

Meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet often drains subglacially into fjords, driving upwelling plumes at glacier termini. Ocean models and observations of submarine termini suggest that plumes enhance melt and undercutting, leading to calving and potential glacier destabilization. Here we systematically evaluate how simulated plume structure and submarine melt during summer months depends on r...

We determine enhancement ratios for NOx, PAN, and other NOy species from boreal biomass burning using aircraft data obtained during the ARCTAS-B campaign and examine the impact of these emissions on tropospheric ozone in the Arctic. We find an initial emission factor for NOx of 1.06 g NO per kg dry matter (DM) burned, much lower than previous observations of boreal plumes, and also one third th...

The Massachusetts Military Reservation is located in the western portion of Cape Cod. World War II and the period immediately afterward saw the most intense military activity on the base. During this time, chemicals leached into the groundwater and contaminated the aquifer. One of the larger regions, or plumes, of groundwater contamination is the Chemical Spill 10 (CS10) plume, a region in whic...

Radioactive plumes can spread far and wide depending on wind conditions. The plumes often frequently reached the Tokyo metropolitan area, which is approximately 200 km away from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, under spatially heterogeneous wind fields in March 2011. To reduce exposure to radioactive plumes, the behaviour of the plumes must be known. However, the transport mechanism o...

We use a ballistic model to simulate the particle number densities in plumes on Io as a function of eruption rates and particle size distributions. Comparison of the simulated apparent brightness variations within plumes with the properties of actual plumes allows constraints to be put on the particle sizes present and the eruption rates. We find evidence for lower eruption rates, by a factor o...

The distributional pattern of dissolved arsenic concentrations from landfill plumes can provide clues to the source of arsenic contamination. Under simple idealized conditions, arsenic concentrations along flow paths in aquifers proximal to a landfill will decrease under anthropogenic sources but potentially increase under in situ sources. This paper presents several conceptual distributional p...