Objective: The aim of our study was to formulate and evaluate the liposomal carrier system for the local treatment for mixed vaginal infections. The combination of voriconazole and metronidazole were selected as model drugs for mixed vaginal infections.Methods:Multi lamellar liposomescomposed phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol along with combination of drugs was prepared by the thin film hydra...

Van Damme L, Ramjee G, Alary M, et al. Lancet. 2002; 360:962–964 Purpose of the Study. Nonoxynol-9, marketed as a spermicidal contraceptive, has in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, in the prevention of HIV infection in women with a high risk of HIV exposure. Methods. This was a ran...

A recent study in South Africa has confirmed, for the first time, that a vaginal gel formulation of the antiretroviral drug Tenofovir, when topically applied, significantly inhibits sexual HIV transmission to women [Karim et al., Science 329, 1168 (2010)]. However, the gel for this drug and anti-HIV microbicide gels in general have not been designed using an understanding of how gel spreading a...

OBJECTIVES To directly measure the cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) and plasma PRO 2000 concentrations achieved by vaginal dosing. DESIGN A sub-study of a prospective randomized, double-blind phase 1 trial of a candidate vaginal microbicide, PRO 2000 gel. METHODS Thirty-six sexually abstinent women self-administered 4% PRO 2000 gel, 0.5% PRO 2000 gel or placebo gel twice on day 0 and then once ...

BACKGROUND Although the male condom provides a reliable means of preventing HIV transmission, a broader choice of methods is required particularly in circumstances where the negotiation of condom use is difficult. Development of new products that may be effective as topical vaginal microbicides is the focus of a great deal of research activity currently. The novel agent PRO 2000, a naphthalene ...

OBJECTIVES Over-the-counter access to an inexpensive, effective topical microbicide could reduce the transmission of HIV and would increase women's control over their health and eliminate the need to obtain their partners' consent for prophylaxis. Chronic infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), also known as human herpes virus 2, has been shown to facilitate HIV infection and speed the p...

OBJECTIVE Due to the high incidence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and its resistance to chemical medications and considering the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects of Myrtus communis, the present study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of the vaginal gel of M. communis 2% (in metronidazole base) with metronidazole vaginal gel 0.75% alone on BV. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was...

Drug delivery of topical microbicidal molecules against HIV offers promise as a modality to prevent sexual transmission of the virus. Success of any microbicide product depends, in an interactive way, upon its drug (the microbicide active pharmaceutical ingredient, API) and its delivery system (e.g. a gel, film or intravaginal ring). There is a widespread agreement that more effective drug deli...

Objectives: 1) HIV prevention, using a mechanical cervical barrier in combination with microbicide. 2) Prevention of pregnancy. 3) Shield the cervix to prevent sperm penetration and Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and HIV virus invasion. Methods: We investigated a new FDA approved cervical barrier FemCap (Figure 1). The FemCap is a contraceptive device that is designed with a unique delivery system for mi...