Safe data abstractions are widely used for verification purposes. Positive verification results can be transferred to the concrete system. When a property is violated in the abstract system, one still has to check whether a concrete violation exists. However, even when the violation scenario is not reproducible in the concrete system (a false negative), it may still contain information on possi...

disproportionate punishments are those punishments passed or enforced without considering the criteria of proportionality, namely the criteria of harm done, the absolute or relative seriousness of crimes, the kind of committed crime and offender characteristics, the degree and kind of victim’s culpability. considering the penological aims, such as retribution, deterrence and securing social def...

1 Department of Physics University of Arizona The observable Universe reveals a clear dominance of matter over antimatter. If this asymmetry is consistent with the Universe as a whole, then a contradiction arises between observation and any naïve formulation of Big Bang theory. CP violation, violation of the combined C (charge conjugation) and P (parity) operators, is one of three necessary con...

In spite of its problems with interactions, the first-quantized Klein-Gordon equation is a satisfactory theory free spinless particles. Moreover, usual may be extended to describe Lorentz-violating behavior, same types that exist can in second-quantized scalar field theories. However, because construction requires restriction positive-energy modes, Hilbert space inner product and position opera...

The launching of the JOT provides a welcome opportunity to resume the Eiffel column that ran for many years in JOOP from 1998 (edited first by Rock Howard from whom I took over in 1998). It will run pretty much like its predecessor, with a mix of contributions by guest columnists and by me, and a mix of topics — from language matters to methodological issues of object-oriented software construc...