Measuring the volume of a bubble, especially at its detachment, is a basic subject in gas-liquid two-phase flow research. A new indirect method for this measurement under constant flow conditions is presented. An electronic device is designed and constructed based on laser beam intensity. This device calculates the frequency of the bubble formation by measuring the total time of the formation p...

Ring signature enables an user to anonymously sign a message on behalf of a group of users termed as ‘ring’ formed in an ‘ad-hoc’ manner. A naive scheme produces a signature linear in the size of the ring, but this is extremely inefficient when ring size is large. Dodis et al. proposed a constant size scheme in EUROCRYPT’13, but provably secure in random oracle model. Best known result without ...

Traditional Reinforcement Learning methods are insufficient for AGIs who must be able to learn to deal with Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes. We investigate a novel method for dealing with this problem: standard RL techniques using as input the hidden layer output of a Sequential Constant-Size Compressor (SCSC). The SCSC takes the form of a sequential Recurrent Auto-Associative Me...

We present a simple explicit construction giving unbounded fan-in circuits with $o(n)$ gates and depth $O(r)$ for the threshold function of $n$ variables when the threshold is at most $(log n)^r$, for any integer $r>0$. This improves a result of Atjai and Ben-Or, who showed the existence of circuits of size $n^{O(1)}$. This is the highest threshold for which polynomial-size, constant-depth circ...

It has been suggested that the number of myonuclei in a muscle fibre changes in proportion to the change in fibre size, resulting in a constant myonuclear domain size, defined as the cytoplasmic volume per myonucleus. The myonuclear domain size varies, however, between fibre types and is inversely related with the oxidative capacity of a fibre. Overall, the observations of an increase in myonuc...

To maintain a constant cell size, dividing cells have to coordinate cell-cycle events with cell growth. This coordination has long been supposed to rely on the existence of size thresholds determining cell-cycle progression [1]. In budding yeast, size is controlled at the G1/S transition [2]. In agreement with this hypothesis, the size at birth influences the time spent in G1: smaller cells hav...

More substantive interaction between students and an instructor is associated with higher levels of student engagement. Substantive interaction between teachers and students consisted of presentation of information on academic content, monitoring of work, and feedback about performance. Most student-teacher interaction took place in a group setting, with only a small part of such interaction oc...

A function of boolean arguments is symmetric if its value depends solely on the number of l 's among its arguments. In the first part of this paper we partially characterize those symmetric functions that can be computed by constant-depth polynomial-size sequences of boolean circuits, and discuss the complete characterization. (We treat both uniform and non-uniform sequences of circuits.) Our r...

Because the abundance of functional molecules in RNA sequence space has many unexplored aspects, we compared the outcome of 11 independent selections, performed using the same affinity selection protocol and contiguous randomized regions of 16, 22, 26, 50, 70, and 90 nucleotides. All affinity selections targeted the simplest isoleucine aptamer, an asymmetric internal loop. This loop should be a...

Present constructions of indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) create obfuscated programs where the size of the obfuscated program is at least a factor of a security parameter larger than the size of the original program. In this work, we construct the first iO scheme that achieves only a constant multiplicative overhead (in fact, the constant is 2) in the size of the program. The security of o...