Obesity is one of the rising public health problems characterized as a risk factor for many chronic diseases in adulthood. Early life events such as intrauterine growth restriction, as well as life style, are associated with an increased prevalence of this disease. The present study was performed to determine if intrauterine growth restriction interacts with overweight at primary school age to ...

OBJECTIVE We assessed the life-time prevalence (LTP) of chronic low back pain (LBP) in young Korean males. We also evaluated the relationship between lumbar spinal lesions and their health related quality-of-life (HRQOL). METHODS A cross-sectional, self-reported survey was conducted in Korean males (aged 19-year-old) who underwent physical examinations for the conscript. We examined 3331 exam...

BACKGROUND Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are exempt from conscript military service, but some volunteer for national service. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of national service (military or civil) on metabolic control and incidence of acute diabetes complications in young adults with T1D. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data of 145 T1D patients were retrieved from medical records. ...

since the time conscription has become the main source of man power for armies, a development in the relation between the state and the individual has occurred. conscription became an institution for nationalistic re-socialization and a symbol for the equality of citizens. it also played an important role in the expansion of freedoms and universal suffrage. after the world war ii, a new trend t...

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of studies on the role of early risk factors for the choice of methods for violent suicide attempts. Adolescent risk factors for the choice of violent or non-violent methods for suicide attempts and the risk of subsequent suicide were studied using a longitudinal design. METHODS A national Swedish cohort of 48 834 18-20-year-old young men conscripted for military...

Aims To study the relation between body mass index (BMI) in young men and risk of early hospitalization with heart failure. Methods and results In a prospective cohort study, men from the Swedish Conscript Registry investigated 1968-2005 (n = 1 610 437; mean age, 18.6 years were followed 5-42 years (median, 23.0 years; interquartile range, 15.0-32.0), 5492 first hospitalizations for heart fai...

What explains the use of military conscription? Using a new dataset of more than 100 countries over a period of 200 years, we examine the determinants of a state’s decision to implement a military draft. We argue that the decision to use conscription is largely dependent on historical factors. Specifically, we contend that former British colonies are less likely to use conscription as a means o...

BACKGROUND To understand the influence of the number of years spent at an Australian rural clinical school (RCS) on graduate current, preferred current and intended location for rural workforce practice. METHODS Retrospective online survey of medical graduates who spent 1-3 years of their undergraduate training in the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Rural Clinical School. Associations wi...

Background Cognitive ability (CA) is positively related to later health, health literacy, health behaviours and longevity. Accordingly, a lower CA is expected to be associated with poorer adherence to medication. We investigated the long-term role of CA in adherence to prescribed statins in male patients after a first myocardial infarction (MI). Methods CA was estimated at 18-20 years of age fr...

BACKGROUND Performance of the BED assay in estimating HIV-1 incidence has previously been evaluated by using longitudinal specimens from persons with incident HIV infections, but questions remain about its accuracy. We sought to assess its performance in three longitudinal cohorts from Thailand where HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B' dominate the epidemic. DESIGN BED testing was conducted in two ...