PURPOSE To determine the prevalence rate and related risk factors of reoperation among patients with congenital esotropia. METHODS One hundred fifty-seven children with congenital esotropia were divided into two groups after at least one operation: children with deviation within 10 PD (n = 89; success group) and those with deviation greater than 10 PD or history of reoperation (n = 68; failur...

BACKGROUND The estimated prevalence of Sensory Neural Hearing Loss (SNHL) in patients less than 18 years of age is 6 per 1000. Roughly 50% of cases of congenital SNHL can be linked to a genetic cause, with approximately 30% being syndromic and the remaining 70% being non-syndromic. The term "syndromic" implies the presence of other distinctive clinical features in addition to hearing loss. The ...

Dear Editor; We read with interest two recent papers on Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, entitled " Congenital insensitivity to pain and anhydrosis (CIPA) syndrome; a report of 4 cases " by Daneshjou et al [1] and " Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (HSAN type IV), extremely rare syndrome that can be easily missed by bone and joint surgeons: a case report " by Al...

PURPOSE Enlargement of the clitoris is often a prominent manifestation of virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other disorders of sexual development. Controversy persists regarding the viability and sensitivity of the clitoris following clitoroplasty. We present 51 consecutive cases of nerve sparing ventral clitoroplasty performed by a single surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nerve spar...

Introduction Deafness is one of the most important sensory disturbances at birth. Hearing loss can affect the development of speaking and learning during life. Early diagnosis and intervention improve language outcome. The  current study aimed to determine the frequency of profound congenital hearing loss in healthy newborn infants in Fars province. Methods In a multicenter prospective study, f...

We report three siblings of a family with hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy (HMSN) and buphthalmos. Electrophysiological studies showed a demyelinating neuropathy and pathological findings showed severe loss of myelinated fibers (MF), thin myelin sheaths and myelin infoldings in a few remaining MF. The presumed mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. This family probably represent...

The following paper describes the results of two studies of auditory processing and the implications of those studies for understanding deviant language development. The studies were conducted on children with the delayed language syndrome known as congenital, childhood, or developmental aphasia. Characteristic of this syndrome is the failure to develop adequate linguistic skills, even though o...

Nystagmus is a relatively common clinical condition that remains a therapeutic enigma. We present a case in which soft contact lenses were prescribed in a young adult with congenital jerk nystagmus. Immediate and large improvements in both motor and sensory function, as well as cosmesis, were found, with enhancement one week later following constant lens wear. Use of soft contact lenses in thes...

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare disease of the nervous system which causes one to lose his/her feeling of pain. The disease is subtype four of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN IV) that results from NTRK1 gene defect. Direct sequencing was performed to screen NTRK1 for mutations. The result revealed a homozygous deletion of adenine on intron 14 that ma...

Zikavirus infection during pregnancy generates a series of neurological, musculoskeletal and sensory disorders known as Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZVS), being responsible for even oral changes. This study aims to review the literature address relationship between congenital development bruxism in childhood. To achieve this goal, research was carried out by ...