background and aims: rubella virus is a human pathogen that causes congenital rubella syndrome (crs) when infection occurs during early pregnancy. vaccination programs have been remarkably successful in controlling natural rubella infection and crs. moreover, ongoing surveillance for all cases of rubella and crs is a vital component of a prevention program. although the who recommends the use o...

Measles or rubella is an infectious viral disease that a public health problem globally. Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in infants caused by infection of the fetus with virus during pregnancy. CRS therapy can be done today giving vaccination to children, adolescents, and adult women. To determine effectiveness vaccine preventing controlling cases, article review was carried out literature st...

Rubella, once considered being a mild, benign rash illness, gained public health significance in 1941 when Gregg [1] associated the significance of congenital cataracts with rubella during pregnancy. In 1962–1965, a rubella pandemic resulted in approximately 12.5 million rubella cases, 20,000 infants born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), 11,250 fetal deaths (fetal wastage and abortions),...

Australian efforts to prevent cases of congenital rubella syndrome have been largely successful, although concerns that eradication has not yet been achieved are ongoing. This paper describes an Australian population group with a vulnerability to rubella which has not previously been reported. Fewer than 75 per cent of Indigenous women from rural and remote communities who gave birth at Royal D...

Summary In order to determine the immunity state against Rubella in 10-19 year old women in urban and rural area of Chahar -Mahal Bakhtiari province of IRAN in act 1992. We have done a cross sectional seroepidemiologic study in 1347 women. This study showed a high rate of immunity against Rubella in this province. About 90.5% of studied population had protective antibody titer against Rubella...

background and aims: primary infections of rubella and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can lead to severe complications in pregnancy. the screening of rubella and hcmv in pregnant women is not routinely carried out in iran. this cross sectional study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of hcmv and rubella infections in neonates with and without congenital defects. materials and methods: this s...

The virulence of rubella virus for the fetus was fully defined between 1963 and 1965 when an epidemic of rubella occurred in Europe and the US, followed by a wave of damaged babies. Attenuated live virus vaccines were developed in our and other laboratories and their use has already considerably changed the epidemiology of rubella. Nevertheless, only about half of the world’s countries vaccinat...

Costa Rica introduced the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1986. The Ministry of Health adopted the goal of eliminating endemic measles in 1991 by achieving and maintaining high vaccine coverage through routine delivery, mass campaigns and outreach activities, and the strengthening of expanded program on immunization (EPI) surveillance. Measles and rubella immunization strategies shifted ...

BACKGROUND Rubella is a disease of public health significance owing to its adverse effects during pregnancy and on pregnancy outcomes. Women who contract rubella virus during pregnancy may experience complications such as foetal death or give birth to babies born with congenital rubella syndrome. Vaccination against rubella is the most effective and economical approach to control the disease, a...

OBJECTIVE To describe the events leading to the epidemic of congenital rubella syndrome in Greece in 1993 after a major rubella epidemic. DESIGN Retrospective survey and systematic review. SETTING Greece (population 10 million), 1950-95. SUBJECTS Children, adolescents, and women of childbearing age. RESULTS Around 1975 in Greece the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine started being give...