Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a major challenge for anaesthetists. This is due to the complexities in pathophysiology and impact of surgery anaesthesia, which predisposes significant perioperative morbidity mortality.1 Univentricular (UH) consists large variety rare complex congenital cardiac malformations. There are cases children having only single functional ventricle from birth....

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography are often the primary imaging techniques for many patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, with modern generations of CT systems and recent advances in temporal and spatial resolution, cardiac CT has been gaining an increasing reputation in the field of cardiac imaging and in the evaluation of patients with congenital heart d...

Advancement in correction or palliation of congenital cardiac lesions has greatly improved the lifespan of congenital heart disease patients, resulting in a rapidly growing adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) population. As this group has increased in number and age, emerging science has highlighted the systemic nature of ACHD. Providers caring for these patients are tasked with long-term man...

over the last 20 to 30 years has allowed a large number of neonates, infants and children with congenital heart diseases to survive until adulthood. As a result, while in former times the term “congenital heart disease” applied mainly to childhood (since adults with congenital heart disease, then encountered only rarely, usually had fewer complications and a relatively benign natural history), ...

Cardiac ventriculography is used to define the anatomy and function of the ventricles and related structures in patients with congenital, valvular, coronary, and myopathic heart disease (1–5). Specifically, left ventriculography may provide valuable information about global and segmental left ventricular function, mitral valvular incompetence, and the presence, location, and severity of a numbe...

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Patients presenting with orofacial clefts often require surgery or other complex procedures. A cleft lip or palate can be a single anomaly or a part of multiple congenital anomalies. The reported prevalence of cleft disease and associated anomalies varies widely across the literature, and is dependent on the diagnost...

C ongenital heart defects are the most common birth defects. Many of them are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Of all congenital conditions, heart defects account for the highest resource utilization among pediatric hospitalizations in developed countries. 1 The history of cardiac surgery now spans nearly 8 decades. In the earliest era of cardiac surgery, operations on child...