Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT) are two treatment modalities in prostate cancer, which provide acceptable dose distribution in tumor region with sparing the surrounding normal tissues. IMRT is based on inverse planning optimization; in which, intensity of beams is modified by using multileaf collimators and also compensator...

Introduction. In the International Code of Practice for dosimetry TRS-398 published by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), water is recommended as the reference medium for the determination of absorbed dose for high-energy electron beams. Plastic phantoms may be used under certain circumstances for electron beam dosimetry for beam qualities R50 < 4g/cm2 (E0 below 10 MeV). In our study, w...

The feasibility of delivering craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with TomoDirect is investigated. A method is proposed to generate TomoDirect plans using standard three-dimensional (3D) beam arrangements on Tomotherapy with junctioning of these fields to minimize hot or cold spots at the cranial/spinal junction. These plans are evaluated and compared to a helical Tomotherapy and a three-dimensional...

background: identify the optimal technique of radiotherapy for patients with high grade glioma. our initial year of experience with rapidarc radiation therapy. materials and methods: planning ct scans of 50 patients with grade iv glioma were reviewed and three plan sets by 3d conformal radiotherapy (3dcrt), intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) and rapid arc (ra) were generated and the plans ...

This study explored the effectiveness of the two computer-assisted modes: cooperative and individual on improving Iranian high school students’ reading comprehension. It was also concerned with investigating the effectiveness of the two computer-assisted modes on the participants’ foreign language learning anxiety (FLLA). The sample of the study consisted of two intact groups, each containing 2...

This study explored the effectiveness of the two computer-assisted modes: cooperative and individual on improving Iranian high school students’ reading comprehension. It was also concerned with investigating the effectiveness of the two computer-assisted modes on the participants’ foreign language learning anxiety (FLLA). The sample of the study consisted of two intact groups, each containing 2...

Existing computer-assisted instructional (CAI) techniques for introductory biology are presently restrictive in scope, due to their focus on utilizing drills that aim for rote memorization instead of providing interaction that aids in intuitive understanding. In this paper, we discuss a prototype system for assessing learner understanding of introductory cell biology concepts using sketch-based...

With the popularization of multimedia technology in the application on teaching, the actual application on teaching software has become a major problem that computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in-depth developed. Constructing a scientific, objective, and fair evaluation system of multimedia teaching software has become imperative. By combining current characteristics of CAI and various evaluati...