Simple equations are derived to carry out degree of freedom analyses quickly and almost mechanically, using easily countable physical entities. It is shown that the outlet stream freedom does not depend on the number of component substances, and in many cases not on the number of phases. The concept of phase constraint is introduced to facilitate the degree of freedom analysis.

By showing that transitions may be obviated by recruiting degrees of freedom in the coupled pendulum paradigm, the authors reveal a novel mechanism for coordinative flexibility. In Experiment 1, participants swung pairs of unconstrained pendulums in 2 planes of motion (sagittal and frontal) at 8 movement frequencies starting from either an in-phase or antiphase mode. Few transitions were observ...

The article offers a conceptual framework for describing freedom and power in terms of human behavior in multiple overlapping systems. Power and freedom describe relations of influence and susceptibility over the principles, policies, perceptions and preferences; outcomes; and configurations available to human beings, in each case as characterized by the affordances and constraints of an agent ...

For the internal dynamics of molecules it is of crucial importance that nuclei are much heavier than electrons. This leads to the adiabatic picture of the nuclei motion with respect to the motion of electrons. In the adiabatic picture, the coordinates of nuclei play the role of external parameters with respect to the state of the electronic sub-system, that is they play the same role as the adi...

For long time the nature of spacetime had been subject debate, here another version will be discussed in form space and fields where a new concept energy constraining can explain interactions between those fields.
 This model comes three parts: constraining, evolution quanton their different transitions are discussed, second part, fields, degrees freedom third part: electromagnetic waves a...