Process control systems (PCSs) are instrumental to the safe, reliable and efficient operation of many critical infrastructure components. However, PCSs increasingly employ commodity information technology (IT) elements and are being connected to the Internet. As a result, they have inherited IT cyber risks, threats and attacks that could affect the safe and reliable operation of infrastructure ...

This research paper investigates whether ICE futures contracts are an effective and affordable strategy to manage price risk for Canadian commodity producers in recent periods of high price volatility. Long memory in volatility is found to be present in cash and futures prices for canola and western barley. This finding is incorporated into the hedging strategy by estimating hedge ratios using ...

The past decade has seen a sharp increase in the level and volatility of commodity prices (Graph 1). This has occurred alongside a sharp increase in commodity demand from emerging market economies, but also in parallel with a rapid increase in both commodity derivatives trading and financial investor activity in commodity markets (Domanski and Heath 2007; Dwyer, Gardner and Williams 2011). That...

There are two competing architectural styles employed for building Web services: RESTful services and services based on the WS-* standards (also known as SOAP). These two styles have separate follower bases, but many differences between them are ideological rather than factual. In order to promote the healthy growth of Web services research and practice, it is important to distinguish arguments...

A sharp increase in the popularity of commodity investing in the past decade has triggered an unprecedented inflow of institutional funds into commodity futures markets. Such financialization of commodities coincided with significant booms and busts in commodity markets, raising concerns of policymakers. In this paper, we explore the effects of financialization in a model that features institut...

While modern workloads are increasingly interactive and resource-intensive (e.g., graphical user interfaces, browsers, and multimedia players), current operating systems have not kept up. These operating systems, which evolved from core designs that date to the 1970s and 1980s, provide good support for batch and command-line applications, but their ad hoc attempts to handle interactive workload...

The paper studies the core-Walras equivalence problem in the commodity space framework of Banach spaces, allocations being defined as Pettis integrable functions. In particular, a core-Walras equivalence result for a certain class of commodity spaces is established, without requiring that the commodity space be separable. The class covered by this result includes the Lp(μ) spaces, 1 ≤ p < ∞, μ ...

A well known problem with revealed preference methods is that when data are found to satisfy their restrictions it is hard to know whether this should be viewed as a triumph for economic theory, or a warning that these conditions are so undemanding that almost anything goes. This paper allows researchers to make this distinction. Our approach builds on theoretical support in the form of an axio...