Interfacial oxidation and reduction of Prussian Blue (PB), KFe[Fe(CN)6]‚nH2O (n ≈ 10), powder were probed in situ with Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FT-IR/ATR) spectroscopy. The combination of electrochemistry in the absence of liquid electrolyte with internal reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy was accomplished using a simple two-electrode sandwich-type cell in which a cry...

Any bilayer lipid membrane can support a membrane voltage. The combination of optical perturbation and optical readout of membrane voltage opens the door to studies of electrophysiology in a huge variety of systems previously inaccessible to electrode-based measurements. Yet, the application of optogenetic electrophysiology requires careful reconsideration of the fundamentals of bioelectricity....

In order to restore hand function in spinal cord injured people by functional electrical stimnlation of arm nerves, we developed an lllpolar neural cuff type electrode with integrated multiplexer circuit. This circuit reduces the number of necessary interconnection leads to a stimulator from twelve to four. Cable reduction was intended to reduce the risk of cable breakage which is one of the ma...

In some regards, the surgical procedures for the different targets are similar. The target can be located using a combination of imaging (MRI, C T, ventriculography, depending on the centre) and electrophysiology (electrical stimulation and, in some centres, microrecordings). Implantation of the electrode is generally performed under local anaesthesia to allow the evaluation of the effect of th...

Electrochemical measurements are generally done under isothermal conditions. Here we report on the application of a controlled temperature gradient between the working electrode surface and the solution. Using electrochemical sensors prepared on ceramic materials with extremely high specific heat conductivity, the temperature gradient between the electrode and solution was applied here as a sec...

Introduction With the globally increasing life expectancy and improved outcome of congenital heart disease, the number of cardiac device implantations is increasing steadily. A prolonged pacemaker (PM) therapy period is associated with potential long-term complications. Thereby battery and electrode longevity have not improved in the past decades, leading to recurrent device and electrode repla...

Electrochemotherapy is a treatment based on combination of chemotherapeutic drug and electroporation. It is used in clinics for treatment of solid tumours. For electrochemotherapy of larger tumours multiple needle electrodes were already suggested. We developed and tested electrode commutation circuit, which controls up to 19 electrodes independently. Each electrode can be in one of three possi...

The performance of novel solid state Thick-Film pH sensors for water quality sampling that are designed for deployment in remote catchment areas is described. These miniaturised screen printed planar pH sensors are an alternative to conventional glass pH electrodes that have many disadvantages such as high-cost, large size, mechanical fragility and limited shape. The approach adopted here for i...

We developed a novel design of an electrode-pipette combination (EPC) which allows access to brain structures in awake behaving primates without the need for guide tubes or to mechanically open the dura prior to electrode insertion. The EPC consists of an etched tungsten in glass electrode flanked by two pipettes which allow for local and highly controlled iontophoretic administration of neuroa...

A combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations are used to characterize the mechanical and electrochemical response of thin film amorphous Si electrodes during cyclic lithiation. Parameters extracted from the experiment include the variation of elastic modulus and the flow stress as functions of Li concentration; the strain rate sensitivity; the diffusion coefficient for L...