The reconquest of West Irian by the Dutch colonialists was a very tiring and hard struggle. had hidden intention to separate from Indonesian territory. government violated agreements Round Table Conference, Teak Circle Agreement, International Law. side carried out military operations on Gurita, Rajawali, Djatayu, finally Djayawidjaya operation retake Irian. purpose this research is provide an ...

This research is based on the lack of narrative regarding market as an important space for trade in Palembang City area. In fact, one most trading spaces transaction process, meeting sellers and buyers, cultural exchange. a city has fairly well-known market, especially during Dutch colonial period, namely Pasar 16 Ilir Merchants from various ethnic backgrounds at Ilir, such as: Local traders Ar...

Coal was one of the catalysts Industrial Revolution which started in England and spread to other parts Europe. It provided main source primary energy for industry transportation. The coal mining Africa as a result European conquest subsequent colonization. Ngwo 1908 led discovery eventual Enugu-Ngwo from 1915. In period exploitation lasted, town furnished needed transportation, industrializatio...

This paper focused on the uniqueness of Ikwuano women in terms their contributions towards economic and political development, particularly around 1929 events. It aimed at accentuating valiant role Women gallant protest to claim rights against household taxation by British Colonial rule through Warrant Chiefs. The research adopted a historical method trace Ancient Israeli war Judges 4:4-24 whic...

The Egyptian labor movement is the oldest trade union in Arab region. Beside, any society is, fact, only a reflection of extent awareness that class society. Such comparison based on degree social growth working has reached. Moreover, was characterized by modernity its inception compared to other forces and classes. In addition, development linked level industrial country. peasants craftsmen we...

Starting with European colonization, African natural resources in particular and nature general have been coveted exploited mainly the interest of Euro-American industrialized countries, China as a recent major player from Asia. Interestingly, incessant quest by some Western NGOs, institutions, governments to protect conserve not only are inspired ecological climatic concerns but also often ten...

Smith and Figueiredo, in their recent articles, raised important issues of getting rid colonial legacy botanical nomenclature. Some other politically motivated claims proposals to amend the International Code Nomenclature for algae, fungi, plants (ICN) have also been published or discussed by some authors. In particular, Figueiredo expressed opinion that “a proposal Code, replacing epithets wit...

One of the three-year Dutch schools in Aceh is called People's School (Volkschool). Starting with few Acehnese who are aware that there were once built by colonialists before foundation as they now. Because history (Volkschool) not widely known among Acehnese, it makes for a very fascinating study subject. The purpose this to understand more about how was founded and its educational system oper...

Nigeria from 2016 to 2023 has been facing new security challenges, including kidnapping of people for ransom, sporadic shooting inhabitants, and the rustling livestock. There is a rich history how cities in Nigeria, erected defensive walls or fortifications protect inhabitants their property against invaders, criminals, rustlers centuries before arrival European colonialists Africa. The incessa...