Hofstede (1980) brought forth four cultural dimensions that became the most popular references in crosscultural studies later. These are individualism/ collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity. Later, he added a fifth dimension, the long term orientation in his thesis (Hofstede 2001). Research on organizational culture and its implication on human resource...

BACKGROUND The trajectory of marital quality over the life course assumes a curvilinear pattern and declines over time. However, most studies to date have been conducted in developed societies, leaving the generalizability of their findings open to skepticism. In this study, we aimed to delineate the trajectory of marital satisfaction in Iran. METHODS Using cluster-sampling method, representa...

People base their decisions not only on their own self-interest but also on the interests of close others. Generally, the personal self has primacy in the motivational hierarchy in the Western culture. A recent study found that friends have the same motivational hierarchy as the personal self in the Eastern collectivist culture. Remaining unknown is whether the motivational hierarchy of the per...

He Chengyao's performance art works not only reflect the collectivist immersion of contemporary people, but also trauma that generations Chinese women have suffered after facing persecution patriarchal thinking. From works, this paper explores women's thinking and outlook on identity motherhood.

BACKGROUND School-based smoking prevention programs sometimes fail in unexpected ways. This study tests the hypotheses that both social/cultural contexts and individual dispositional characteristics may interact with program content to produce effects that are variable in potentially predictable ways. METHODS Students in 24 culturally heterogeneous or primarily Hispanic/Latino middle schools ...

According to the three-tier hierarchy of motivational potency in the self system, the self can be divided into individual self, relational self, and collective self, and individual self is at the top of the motivational hierarchy in Western culture. However, the motivational primacy of the individual self is challenged in Chinese culture, which raises the question about whether the three-tier h...

Research focusing on autobiographical memory in bilingual speakers has revealed different patterns of memory retrieval depending upon the language in which memories are being accessed. The present study examined narrative properties of autobiographical memories retrieved by RussianEnglish bilinguals. Results suggest that bilinguals’ languages may influence cognitive styles. When speaking Englis...