BACKGROUND The workplace is one of the major locations outside of the home for nonsmokers' exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). New policies in many U.S. states and localities restrict or prohibit smoking in the workplace, and information on current trends in the exposure of nonsmokers to SHS across various occupational groups is therefore needed. OBJECTIVE We evaluated temporal trends in SHS ...

This paper examines how returns to education are related to occupation choices. Specifically, I investigate the returns to attending a two-year college and a four-year college and how these returns to education differ from a blue-collar occupation to a white-collar occupation. To address the endogenous education and occupation choices, I use a finite mixture model. I show how the finite mixture...

Abstract Although there is a growing body of literature on the commuting pattern rural migrants in China, few studies have examined diversity behavior among workers with different occupations. The present research used 2015 Xiamen household travel survey to examine distances and times distinctive types city. results reveal differences behaviors socioeconomic groups, namely blue-collar, pink-col...

The rapid transition to card payments has sparked a search for effective countermeasures to those who exploit card payment security vulnerabilities to commit payment fraud. A review of these vulnerabilities finds that they are tied together by an information-intensive payment approval system. Especially damaging are large data breaches, which are often the result of criminals gathering informat...