Since the 1960s, Western Europe has been host to a large Turkish immigrant community. While many such communities shift to the majority language in the space of a few generations, language maintenance is remarkably successful in this community. This is partially because of continuing immigration, but it is also typical of a transnational identity that characterizes many bilingual communities in...

Extending semantic parsing systems to new domains and languages is a highly expensive, time-consuming process, so making effective use of existing resources is critical. In this paper, we describe a transfer learning method using crosslingual word embeddings in a sequence-tosequence model. On the NLmaps corpus, our approach achieves state-of-the-art accuracy of 85.7% for English. Most important...

In Singapore and Malaysia, people often speak a mixture of Mandarin and English within a single sentence. We call such sentences intra-sentential code-switch sentences. In this paper, we report on the development of a Mandarin-English codeswitching spontaneous speech corpus: SEAME. The corpus is developed as part of a multilingual speech recognition project and will be used to examine how Manda...

Verschueren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory (1999) provides the theoretical framework for the study on codeswitching in EFL classroom. It views code-switching as an adaptive phenomenon in the interaction between people and their conditions of life. Based on Verschueren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory, the present paper gave a qualitative analysis of the adaptability that teachers’ code-switching ...

Generally the existing monolingual corpora are not suitable for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) of codeswitching speech. The motivation of this paper is to study the rules and constraints code-switching follows and design a corpus for code-switching LVCSR task. This paper presents the development of a Mandarin-English code-switching corpus. This corpus consists of four pa...

This paper addresses the questions why and where, i.e. in which syntactic dependency relations, multilingual speakers are likely to code-switch. Code-switching (CS) is the linguistic behaviour of producing or comprehending language which is composed from lexical items and grammatical structures from two (or more) languages. This paper proposes that codeswitching is more likely in syntactic rela...

The paper addresses problems of corpus building and retrieval resulting from codeswitching, which is a characteristic feature of endangered language recordings. The typical appearance of code-switching phenomena is first outlined on the basis of data collected in the DoBeS ‘ECLinG’ project, which dealt with three endangered Caucasian languages spoken in Georgia: Tsova-Tush (Batsbi), Udi, and Sv...

Globalization and multilingualism contribute to code-switching – the phenomenon in which speakers produce utterances containing words or expressions from a second language. Processing code-switched sentences is a significant challenge for multilingual intelligent systems. This study proposes a language modeling approach to the problem of codeswitching language processing, dividing the problem i...

We exploit the unique phonetic properties of bilingual speech to ask how processes occurring during planning affect speech articulation, and whether listeners can use the phonetic modulations that occur in anticipation of a codeswitch to help restrict their lexical search to the appropriate language. An analysis of spontaneous bilingual codeswitching in the Bangor Miami Corpus (Deuchar et al., ...

Predicting possible code-switching points can help develop more accurate methods for automatically processing mixed-language text, such as multilingual language models for speech recognition systems and syntactic analyzers. We present in this paper exploratory results on learning to predict potential codeswitching points in Spanish-English. We trained different learning algorithms using a trans...