Proteomic analysis of mouse kidney peroxisomes resulted in the identification of a novel nudix hydrolase designated RP2p, which is encoded by the D7RP2e gene. RP2p consists of 357 amino acids and contains two conserved domains: a nudix hydrolase domain and a CoA-binding domain. In addition, a PTS (peroxisomal targeting signal) type 1 (Ala-His-Leu) was found at the C-terminus. Analysis of the en...

Acetate:succinate CoA-transferases (ASCT) are acetate-producing enzymes in hydrogenosomes, anaerobically functioning mitochondria and in the aerobically functioning mitochondria of trypanosomatids. Although acetate is produced in the hydrogenosomes of a number of anaerobic microbial eukaryotes such as Trichomonas vaginalis, no acetate producing enzyme has ever been identified in these organelle...

The ability of mitogenic stimulation of human T lymphocytes to alter the expression of genes involved in sterol metabolism was examined. Messenger RNA levels for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, HMG-CoA synthase, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor were quantified in resting and mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes by nuclease protection assay. Mitogenic stimulation...

Malonyl-CoA is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis and elongation. It is also one of the building blocks for the biosynthesis of some phytoalexins, flavonoids, and many malonylated compounds. In plants as well as in animals, malonyl-CoA is almost exclusively derived from acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2). However, previous studies have suggested that malonyl-CoA may also be m...

The novel benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) biosynthesis pathway in "Streptomyces maritimus" was investigated through a series of target-directed mutations. Genes involved in benzoyl-CoA formation were disrupted through single-crossover homologous recombination, and the resulting mutants were analyzed for their ability to biosynthesize the benzoyl-CoA-primed polyketide antibiotic enterocin. Inac...

BACKGROUND The human mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) complex is composed of 4 hydroacyl-CoA dehydrogenase-alpha (HADHA) and 4 hydroacyl-CoA dehydrogenase-beta (HADHB) subunits, which catalyze the last 3 steps in the fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral of long-chain fatty acids. The HADHB gene encodes long-chain ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (LCTH) activity, whereas the HADHA gene contains the in...

A DNA fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high homology to the acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase genes of Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa has been cloned, sequenced and mapped to chromosome I. It contains an open reading frame of 2139 nucleotides, encoding a predicted gene product of 79.2 kDa. In contrast to its ascomycete homologs, there are no introns in the coding se...

Two open reading frames (nhpS and acsA) were identified immediately downstream of the previously described Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 nitrile hydratase (NHase) gene cluster (encoding aldoxime dehydratase, amidase, the two NHase subunits, and an uncharacterized protein). The amino acid sequence deduced from acsA shows similarity to that of acyl-CoA synthetase (AcsA). The acsA gene product expr...

Overlapping genomic clones containing the entire sequence of the rat acyl-CoA oxidase gene were isolated and characterized. This gene spans about 25 kilobases, and there are 14 exons and 13 introns. All of the exon-intron junction sequences agree with the GT/AG rule. The results of Southern blot analyses indicated that the gene occurs once per haploid genome. In a preceding paper (Miyazawa, S.,...

The chicken ovalbumin upstream-promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) has a dual effect on the regulation of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase gene. COUP-TF could act as a transcriptional activator or repressor of this gene through different DNA sequences. COUP-TF induces expression of a reporter gene linked to the mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase gene promoter ...