PURPOSE Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage, some of which are present in clusters, defined as two or more lesions within one to two helical turns of DNA by passage of a single radiation track. These clusters are thought to contribute to the detrimental effects of radiation, in part due to the compromised repair of clustered DNA damaged sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS The repair of three-lesio...

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species can result in DNA damage within cells and subsequently increase risk for carcinogenesis. This may be averted by repair of DNA damage through the base or nucleotide excision repair (BER/NER) pathways. PARP, a BER protein, is known for its role in DNA-repair. However, multiple lesions can occur within a small range of DNA, known as oxidative clu...

Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) are small molecules in development as anti-cancer agents. The first-in-class SINE, selinexor, is in clinical trials for blood and solid cancers. Selinexor forms a covalent bond with exportin-1 at cysteine-528, and blocks its ability to export cargos. Previous work has shown strong cell cycle effects and drug-induced cell death across many different ...

Compared to conventional photon-based external beam radiation (PhXRT), carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has superior dose distribution, higher linear energy transfer (LET), and a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This enhanced RBE is driven by a unique DNA damage signature characterized by clustered lesions that overwhelm the DNA repair capacity of malignant cells. These physical an...

The SOS response to DNA damage that induces up to 10% of the prokaryotic genome requires RecA action to relieve LexA transcriptional repression. In Acinetobacter species, which lack LexA, the error-prone polymerase accessory UmuDAb is instead required for ddrR induction after DNA damage, suggesting it might be a LexA analog. RNA-Seq experiments defined the DNA damage transcriptome (mitomycin C-...

In this study, a comparison of the effects of neutron and electron irradiation of aqueous DNA solutions was investigated to characterize potential neutron signatures in DNA damage induction. Ionizing radiation generates numerous lesions in DNA, including base and sugar lesions, lesions involving base-sugar combinations (e.g. 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides) and DNA-protein cross-links, as ...

The effects of low-dose radiation causing DNA damage continue to be subjects of interest. Problems with existing approaches to low-dose DNA damage are that single-strand breaks (the predominant radiation-induced lesion) are very rapidly repaired and that results using current methods for measuring DNA damage can be difficult to interpret. As a novel approach, we conducted studies using plants (...

zebra fish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of pesticides and metals fora period of 14 days. the individual and the combined toxicity of pesticides and metals were studied. damage caused to the dna and induction of mutation in the gadd45β gene was investigated in this study. the present investigation revealed that exposure of zebra fish to pesticides and metals induced dna...

objective: the discovery and development of natural products with potent antioxidant properties has been one of the most interesting and promising approaches in the search for treatment of cns injuries. the most significant consequence of the oxidative stress is thought to be the dna modifications, which can become permanent via the formation of mutations and other types of genomic instability ...