INTRODUCTION Catheter-related infection is associated with increased all-cause mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to evaluate an antimicrobial lock solution (cloxacillin and heparin) in temporary noncuffed double-lumen catheters for long-term intermittent hemodialysis as a method of preventing catheter-related infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients on hemodi...

OBJECTIVE To compare the genetic environments of ampC genes in different Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showing different levels of beta-lactam resistance. METHODS The patterns of beta-lactam resistance and beta-lactamase production were investigated for 42 A. baumannii clinical strains. The MICs of various beta-lactams were determined in the presence or absence of the class C cephalosporin...

There are currently no standardized phenotypic methods for the screening and detection of AmpC enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate different methods to detect AmpC enzymes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp., comparing the results from two disk-based methods and an agar dilution method. AmpC activity was determined for 255 clinical isolates by use of a three-dimensional enz...

Sixty-four ampicillin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli were studied. Six characters were examined: (i) resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin, (ii) synergy between ampicillin and cloxacillin, (iii) level of beta-lactamase activity after osmotic shock, (iv) transferability of ampicillin resistance, (v) immunological characterization of the enzyme, and (vi) determination of...

A survey of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from clinical specimens was carried out. A total of 100 different clinical specimens were investigated with a yield of 48 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A high resistance of 95.8% to penicillin, 89.6% to ampicillin, 87.5% to tetracycline, and 75.0% to chloramphenicol by Staphylococcus aureus strains were recorded. A high susceptibi...

Semisynthetic penicillins are widely used antibiotics. Hepatotoxicity (mainly cholestatic) associated with these drugs is a rare, but well described phenomenon.' 2 Several series of cholestatic hepatitis have been reported after treatment with flucloxacillin,2A whereas only isolated cases related to cloxacillin have been described.`'0 Cholestatic jaundice may develop up to seven weeks following...

Valman, H. B., and Evans, K. E. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45, 686. Serum unbound levels ofcloxacillin and erythromycin in cystic fibrosis. Cloxacillin and erythromycin were absorbed normally by children with cystic fibrosis. In individuals from whom staphylococci were isolated during continuous antibiotic therapy, the serum unbound level, the biologically active fraction, did no...

The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and related drugs can be reliably determined by using the Kirby-Bauer method of susceptibility testing if the incubation temperature is 35 C or below, but resistance may be missed at 37 C. The 1-mug discs of oxacillin and nafcillin or the 5-mug discs of methicillin may be used for this purpose but not the 1-mug discs of cloxacillin. The lat...

background: ampc type β-lactamases are commonly isolated from extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. also, resistance appeared in bacterial species not naturally producing ampc enzymes. therefore, a standard test for the detection of the plasmid-mediated ampc enzyme and new breakpoints for extended spectrum cephalosporins are urgently necessary. objectives: to detect ...