Three species of the genus Xylaria (Xylariaceae) are presented based on collections from Guilan Province, Iran. Both morphological and molecular characteristics were used in order to identify these species. Xylaria longissima sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new Xylaria species and X. cf. striata and X. xylarioides are reported as new records from Iranian mycobiota. Xylaria longissima...

Contemporary climate change is causing large shifts in biotic distributions1, which has the potential to bring previously isolated, closely related species into contact2. This has led to concern that hybridization and competition could threaten species persistence3. Here, we use bioclimatic models to show that future range overlap by the end of the century is predicted for only 6.4% of isolated...