Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) decrease the glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow in the clipped kidneys of early 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats, but the consequences for oxygenation are unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that angiotensin II type 1 or angiotensin II type 2 receptors or NO synthase mediate renal oxygenation responses to ACEI. Three ...

Angiotensin II maintains renal cortical blood flow and renal oxygenation in the clipped kidney of early 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt hypertensive (2K,1C) rats. The involvement of Ang II is believed to decline, whereas oxidative stress increases during the progression of 2K,1C hypertension. We investigated the hypothesis that the acute administration of drugs to inhibit reactive oxygen species (Te...

During activation of the renin-angiotensin system, hindbrain circumventricular organs such as the area postrema have been implicated in modulating the arterial baroreflex. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the subfornical organ (SFO), a forebrain circumventricular structure, may also modulate the baroreflex. Studies were performed in rats with two-kidney, one-clip (2K,1C) hy...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) decrease the glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow in the clipped kidneys of early 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats, but the consequences for oxygenation are unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that angiotensin II type 1 or angiotensin II type 2 receptors or NO synthase mediate renal oxygenation responses to ACEI. Three ...

The fundamental and important pre-processing stage in image processing is the image contrast enhancement technique. Histogram equalization is an effective contrast enhancement technique and thus in this paper, a histogram equalization based technique called Quadrant Dynamic with Automatic Plateau Limit Histogram Equalization (QDAPLHE) is introduced. In this method, a hybrid of dynamic and clipp...

A new variation to the RLS algorithm is presented. In the clipped RLS algorithm (CRLS), proposed in updating the filter weights and computation of the inverse correlation matrix, the input signal is quantized into three levels. The convergence of the CRLS algorithm to the optimumWiener weights is proved. The computational complexity and signal estimation error is lower than that of the RLS algo...

The rendering process reduces the 3D geometry to a set of 2D triangles in the image plane. The projection from 3D is standard. The projected triangles are clipped and sorted so that the final collection of triangles in a pixel do not overlap each other. So at frame f , the image plane holds a collection of pixels Pk, k = 1, . . .M , each of which contains a set of 2D nonoverlapping triangles {T...

Renal tissue angiotensin I (Ang I) and II (Ang II) content and angiotensin converting enzyme activity were assessed in both kidneys during initial (7 days) and maintenance (25 days) phases of two-kidney, one clip hypertension in rats. At 7 and 25 days, systolic arterial pressure was 146 +/- 2 and 170 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively. After 7 days, Ang I content of clipped kidneys was 64% and 70% highe...

This paper studies the statistical detection of data hidden in the Least Significant Bits (LSB) plan of natural clipped images using the hypothesis testing theory. The main contributions are the following. First, this paper proposes to exploit the heteroscedastic noise model. This model, characterized by only two parameters, explicitly provides the noise variance as a function of pixel expectat...

Pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt.) is growing in semiarid regions of Iran at altitude of 500 to 2000 m. Among different grasses growing in Iran, A. trichophorum is relatively resistant to grazing and defoliation as compared to other species of Agropyron genus which are dominant in the most summer rangelands. In Emam Gholi protected summer rang...