The process cleaning rate theorem holds that the static rate (chemical forces) plus the dynamic cleaning rate (mechanical forces) equals the process cleaning rate. New lead-free flux residues result from more demanding soldering drivers created by high soldering temperature, surface tension effects, and miniaturization. Lead-Free flux compositions require thermal stability, resistance against b...

Data cleaning is, in fact, a lively subject that has played an important part in the history of data management and data analytics, and it still is undergoing rapid development. Moreover, data cleaning is considered as a main challenge in the era of big data, due to the increasing volume, velocity and variety of data in many applications. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent work in...

Laser cleaning experiments exhibited a higher cleaning efficiency of the laser cleaning upon application of electrochemical potential on an oxidised iron surface. The objective of this study is to clarify the role of such an electrochemical control on cleaning efficiency. Therefore a study by optical spectrometry at normal incidence in the relevant conditions was performed. From these measureme...

BACKGROUND In recent times, it has been proposed to classify endodontic files as single-use items due to a perceived inability to adequately clean the instruments. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the surface debris on files removed from the manufacturer's packaging, and after cleaning using an ultrasonic bath or a thermal disinfector. METHODS Stainless steel and rotary nickel...

Surgical instruments are often strongly contaminated with patients' blood and tissues, possibly containing pathogens. The reuse of contaminated instruments without adequate cleaning and sterilization can cause postoperative inflammation and the transmission of infectious diseases from one patient to another. Thus, based on the stringent sterility requirements, the development of highly efficien...

Campylobacter is responsible for human bacterial enteritis and poultry meat is recognised as a primary source of infection. In slaughterhouses, cleaning and disinfection procedures are performed daily, and it has been suggested that disinfectant molecules might select for antibiotic resistant strains if shared targets or combined resistance mechanisms were involved. The aim of the study was to ...

Two kinds of air duct cleaning methods, mechanical brushing with different brushes and compressed air cleaning, were compared in the laboratory and in newly built buildings. The ducts were contaminated either with test dust or with dust originated from a construction site. The amount of dust on the duct surface was measured with the vacuum test method and estimated visually before and after the...

Data cleaning is the process of detecting and repairing inaccurate or corrupt records in the data. Data cleaning is inherently human-driven and state of the art systems assume cleaning experts can access the data to tune the cleaning process. However, in sensitive datasets, like electronic medical records, privacy constraints disallow unfettered access to the data. To address this challenge, we...

Early pipeline milking systems were commonly flooded during cleaning. Flood cleaning is practical for systems with small diameter milklines, short pipelines and few milking units. Flood cleaning becomes impractical as milkline diameter and length and the number of milking units is increased. Excessive water volume is required and the flow velocities and corresponding mechanical cleaning action ...