The present study examined the associations of sleep patterns with multiple measures of academic achievement of undergraduate university students and tested whether sleep variables emerged as significant predictors of subsequent academic performance when other potential predictors, such as class attendance, time devoted to study, and substance use are considered. A sample of 1654 (55% female) f...

There is on-going concern about the relationship between class size and achievement for children in their first years of schooling. The Institute of Education’s class size project was set up to address this issue and began recruiting in the autumn of 1996. However, because of the non-normality of achievement measures, especially in mathematics, the results have hitherto been presented by using ...

The technological capabilities of an online-learning environment allow an instructor to make an online class better than a face-to-face class by providing students with learning activities that are individualized to meet their needs and characteristics. One possible learning activity is an illustrated web lecture, which consists of a text-based presentation, such as PowerPoint, with an audio re...

The majority of empirical papers in the literature on school quality finds no or only small effects of class size and other school quality measures on students’ outcomes. This paper analyses the effect of achievement heterogeneity and therefore the effect of the composition rather than the pure size of the class on student achievement. In this endeavor, individual-level data from an internation...

This study was conducted to explore the effects of two countries model comparison program in Taiwan and Singapore in TIMSS database. The researchers used Multi-Group Hierarchical Linear Modeling techniques to compare the effects of two different country models and we tested our hypotheses on 4,046 Taiwan students and 4,599 Singapore students in 2007 at two levels: the class level and student (i...

The study reported here examined virtual manipulatives as an instructional treatment in 17 thirdand fourth-grade classrooms. Students were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: texts and physical manipulatives (PM), and virtual manipulatives (VM). Results revealed no significant differences in achievement between the treatments. Additional results showed that objective ability predicted fr...

In response to widespread dissatisfaction with its public schools, California has implemented a number of educational reforms over the past decade. Perhaps the most dramatic, and certainly the most costly, was the passage of the class size reduction (CSR) law in the summer of 1996. This legislation aimed to reduce average class size by roughly one-third, from 30 students to 20, in grades kinder...

The paper reviews research into class size effects from a methodological viewpoint, especially concentrating on the various strengths and weaknesses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. It sets out the criteria for valid inferences from such studies and illustrates these using a reanalysis of the large data set from the Tennessee STAR study.

Adolescents in middle school and high school characterize their interactions with teachers as frequently unsatisfying and unmotivating. They report that their experiences in the classroom lack meaningful challenges, supportive relationships, and competenceand motivation-building experiences. Yet, engagement and intrinsic motivation are pivotal in adolescence, as these students have the means to...

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