Widely considered as one of the cradles of human civilization, Mesopotamia is largely situated in the Republic of Iraq, which is also the birthplace of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian civilizations. These lands were subsequently ruled by the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Mongolians, Ottomans and finally British prior to the independence. As a direct consequence of this rich h...

The history of science is often regarded today as the progressive accumulation of techniques and the refinement of quantitative methods in the study of Nature. Such a point of view considers the present conception of science to be the only valid one; it therefore judges the sciences of other civilizations in the light of modern science and evaluates them primarily with respect to their "develop...

In his introductory presentation to the Forth Conference of the Sudan Association of Paediatricians (SAP) [1], which was held in Port Sudan (15th-16th February 1975), and in the President Speech (in Arabic) [2], the late Professor Mahmoud Mohamed Hassan [3] emphasized that investment on child welfare is rewarded by prosperity of a nation, as has been acknowledged and implemented by Developed Co...

MER. Recent Deaths ......................... Science News.14 Scientific Events: The Spring Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Expedition to Nyasaland of the American Museum of Natural SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal, since 1900 the official History; Predoctoral Fellowships in the Natural organ of the American Association for the Advancement Sciences; News from Abroad ...

The main theme of this paper is culture justice, which is the new paradigm of culture development in the 21 century. The 21 century is characterized primarily by globalization and by the rapid development of science and technology. Confronted by the opportunities and challenges offered by these changes, different countries and people with different cultural traditions will make important judgme...