IN 1883, one year before the invention of the dirigible, Albert Robida’s book War in the Twentieth Century envisaged a sudden, crushing air strike, while Ivan S. Bloch’s 1898 treatise on warfare expected bombardment from airships in the near future. With the evolu­ tion of airships—in particular, the flights of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin’s dirigibles toward the end of the first decade of the ...

Entertainment software developers face significant challenges in designing games with broad appeal. One of the challenges concerns creating nonplayer (computer-controlled) characters that can adapt their behavior in light of the current and prospective situation, possibly emulating human behaviors. This adaptation should be inherently novel, unrepeatable, yet within the bounds of realism. Evolu...

Flight safety reports from different sources indicate that the proportion of accidents caused by flight fatigue accounts for 6-11% all types accidents. Current regulations in civil aviation industry across world generally emphasize length working hours rather than influences circadian rhythm disorders. Based on an analysis mission data 567 pilots 2019, which highlighted associations between dis...

A s Surgeon General for the Canadian Forces (CF), I am also the commander of the Canadian Forces Health Services (CFHS), which is responsible for delivering quality health care both in Canada and on deployments around the world. Providing health care in an operational setting is always a challenge, especially when this occurs in a hostile or combat setting with limitations posed by tactical and...

A quantitative understanding of cities' demographic dynamics is becoming a potentially useful tool for planning sustainable growth. The concomitant theory should reveal details of the cities' past and also of its interaction with nearby urban conglomerates for providing a reasonably complete picture. Using the exhaustive database of the Census Bureau in a time window of 170 years, we exhibit he...

Objective: To assess the magnitude, causes and substandard care factors responsible for the third delay of maternal mortality seen in our unit III, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Methods: This Cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out on 152 mothers who died over a period of eight years from 1997 to 2004 at Civil Hospital Karachi. Death summaries of...

BACKGROUND Gulf War Illness (GWI) has affected many Gulf War veterans. It involves several organs, most notably the brain. Neurological-cognitive-mood-related symptoms frequently dominate and are at the root of chronic ill-health and disability in GWI. Here we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction in GWI in the absence of mental health disorders. METHODS Eighty-six v...

At the International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), a detention camp guard, charged with acts of murder and torture, advanced a plea of diminished responsibility. Defense psychiatrists testified that he had a personality disorder that influenced his ability to control his behavior, but a prosecution expert testified that the guard did not meet Diagnostic and Statistical M...