Changes in gene expression of Mexican lime plants in response to infection with a severe (T305) or a mild (T385) isolate of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were analyzed using a cDNA microarray containing 12,672 probes to 6875 different citrus genes. Statistically significant (P<0.01) expression changes of 334 genes were detected in response to infection with isolate T305, whereas infection with T3...

The presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has previously been reported in citrus growing regions of Turkey. All serologically and biologically characterized isolates including Iğdır, which was the first identified CTV isolates from Turkey, were considered mild isolates. In this study, molecular characteristics of the Iğdır isolate were determined by different methods. Analysis of the Iğdır is...

Plants produce considerable amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with several biological functions, including protection against biotic agents such as viruses and their vectors. In citrus species, these metabolites can be related different susceptibility/tolerance toward the Tristeza virus (CTV), one main constraints for industry. The objective this study was to compare VOCs pattern fro...

Viral infection in both plant and invertebrate hosts requires a virus-encoded function to block the RNA silencing antiviral defense. Here, we report the identification and characterization of three distinct suppressors of RNA silencing encoded by the approximately 20-kb plus-strand RNA genome of citrus tristeza virus (CTV). When introduced by genetic crosses into plants carrying a silencing tra...

Recombination and reassortment of viral genomes are major processes contributing to the creation of new, emerging viruses. These processes are especially significant in long-term persistent infections where multiple viral genotypes co-replicate in a single host, generating abundant genotypic variants, some of which may possess novel host-colonizing and pathogenicity traits. In some plants, succ...

The genome of beet yellows virus (BYV), the type representative of the closterovirus group, encodes a homologue of the cellular heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 family. A pair of degenerate primers targeted to motifs A and E, which are highly conserved in HSP70s, was synthesized. Genomes of several definite and possible members of the closterovirus group were screened for the presence of the HSP70 g...

Citrus tristeza is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus and its causing agent CTV was introduced from Japan to northern Iran in the late 1960s. After about three decades of restriction to originally infected Satsuma trees, natural spread of CTV has being undertaken and melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.) was confirmed as a potent vector in these areas. Regarding the specificity of aphi...

Amongst the Closteroviridae, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is almost unique in possessing a number of distinct and characterized strains, isolates of which produce a wide range of phenotype combinations among its different hosts. There is little understanding to connect genotypes to phenotypes, and to complicate matters more, these genotypes are found throughout the world as members of mixed popu...