Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbitaceae) is cultivated in various parts of Iran, especially the provinces Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Khuzistan and Hamadan. Iran world's third-largest producer watermelon globally (Food Agriculture Organization United Nations, 2016). In a 2021 survey, witches’ broom disease (WBDW) was observed field Darab area (Fars province, Iran). The main symptoms were stem...

Strausbaugh, C. A., Wenninger, E. J., and Eujayl, I. A. 2014. Control of curly top in sugar beet with seed and foliar insecticides. Plant Dis. 98:10751080. Curly top in sugar beet is a serious problem that is caused by Beet curly top virus and other closely related species and transmitted by the beet leafhopper. In order to find a means of reducing curly top in sugar beet, 15 combinations of in...

Beet curly top virus (BCTV), genus Curtovirus, and other closely related curtoviruses transmitted by the beet leafhopper Circulifer tenellus (Baker) have caused significant problems to irrigated agriculture in the western United States for over a century (4). BCTV is known to infect a broad range of crop and weed hosts in many plant families (1). The leafhopper vector also feeds and breeds on a...

Antiserum production. Antiserum was Fletcher, J., and Slack, S. A. 1986. Latex agglutination as a rapid detection assay for Spiroplasma produced in New Zealand white ra 3 citri. Plant Disease 70:754-756. against Illinois horseradish isolates and BR6 as described (5). Antiserum titer The latex agglutination test (LAT) was effective in detecting the wall-less mollicute Spiroplasma was 1: 16,000 b...