Measurements of above-threshold ionization electron spectra in an elliptically polarized field as a function of the ellipticity are presented. In the rescattering regime, electron yields quickly drop with increasing ellipticity. The yields of lower-energy electrons rise again when circular polarization is approached. A classical explanation for these effects is provided. Additional local maxima...

We investigate the growth, fabrication, and characterization of an electrically-injected spin-polarized laser utilizing an Fe/n+-Al0.1Ga0.9As Schottky tunnel barrier for efficient spin injection into an InGaAs quantum well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. A threshold current reduction of 11% and maximum degree of circular polarization of 23% are observed for a 15 μm mesa diameter laser a...

We study the innuence of a tunnel barrier on the quantum transport through a circular cavity. Our analysis in terms of classical trajectories shows that the semiclassical approaches developed for ballistic transport can be adapted to deal with the case where tunneling is present. Peaks in the Fourier transform of the energy-dependent transmission and reeection spectra exhibit a nonmonotonic beh...

The Sept. 20 news release from Geneva was terse: An incident the previous day had caused ?a large helium leak? into a section of the 17-mile (27 km) circular tunnel under the French-Swiss border that is home of the world?s most powerful particle accelerator?the Large Hadron Collider, or LHC. No injuries or ?risk to people? occurred, reported the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)...

Abstract A circular ferroelectric tunnel junction (C-FTJ) is proposed for larger memory window and better endurance than a conventional planar FTJ (P-FTJ). The electrical characteristics of the C-FTJ are evaluated compared with P-FTJ by using device simulation. It confirmed that C-FTJs have more excellent switching P-FTJs because electric field becomes concentrated across layer. Also, show appl...

In recent decades, many dams have been built or are under construction. Due to the high demand for water and soil erosion, increasing the need for dam construction in different regions are quite tangible. In 1900 the number of large dams, did not exceed 50. But in the 1950s to 1986 the number of large dams (over 15 meters), more than 39,000 were counted. The 70s dams has been increasing develop...

We have studied the polarized resolved photoluminescence of n-type GaAs/AlAs/GaAlAs resonant tunneling diodes under magnetic field parallel to the tunnel current. Under resonant tunneling conditions, we have observed two emission lines attributed to neutral (X) and negatively charged excitons (X-). We have observed a voltage-controlled circular polarization degree from the quantum well emission...