Aims and background: Neck related dysfunction, especially chronic neck pain, has become considerably prevalent in society. Neck pain is the most prevalent pain in middle-aged women and is more common in women than men. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of respiratory exercises on pain, disability, proprioception and forward head posture in female patients with chronic neck pa...

 Aims and background: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common and costly musculoskeletal disorders in societies that have been suggested for many therapies. Exercise therapy is one of the most widely used methods in control and treatment of chronic low back pain. The purpose of the present study is to systematically review English-language studies that have investigated the effect...

 Aim and Background: Differences    in    attachment    styles    have    been    linked    to    cognitive    variables    in    patients    with    chronic    pain,    but    mechanisms    through    which    attachment    styles    might    impact    cognitive    factors    are    unclear.    The    aim    of    the    present    study    was    to    examine    the    effect    of    predic...

 Aims and background: Chronic pain is s one of the most important public health problems in adults and has severe personal and economic consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare the health anxiety, sleep quality and quality of life in people with and without chronic pain. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive (causal-comparative) study. The statistical population of t...

Background and Objectives: Self-perception burden is one of the most important aspects of chronic pain. the present study is to determine the psychometric properties of the Self-perception burden Scale a sample of Iranian chronic pain patients. Methods: In this study, 324 male and female chronic pain patients in Tehran were examined by the available sampling method. For convergent validity, the...