conclusions this study indicates that the rate of g1896a mutation at the pc region among hbeag negative patients, in the golestan province of iran, was similar to the average rate encountered in other parts of iran. the pc stop codon mutation was detected in 93.18% of hbeag negative patients. further studies with larger sample sizes are required to elucidate the exact role of these mutations in...

Nowadays viral hepatitis is one of the most common and important causes of chronic liver disorders in the world. Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis consist a main part of the disease. The main viruses causing hepatitis include Hepatitis A, B and C viruses. Herein common skin manifestations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) are discussed. Chronic hepatitis causes skin disorders both directl...

results the prevalence of hbsag, hbsab and hbcab were estimated as 0.9%, 30.7% and 10.5%, respectively. the mean age of all participants was 43.9 (95% ci: 43.4, 44.3) in females and 55.6 in (n = 3472) males. in our study, there was a significant association between family history of hepatitis, rural residency and presence of hbsag. there was also a positive correlation between hbcab and family ...

Background and Aims: Co-infection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients can develop and increase liver disease and hepatic complications in the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of HEV infection in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study testing anti-HEV antibodies in serum...

Hepatitis D, also referred to as hepatitis D virus, or delta virus (HDV) is considered be a subviral satellite because it can propagate only in the presence of B (HBV) (WHO, 2020). There are uncertainties about epidemic patterns HDV infection and its contribution burden liver disease. defective that completes life cycle with (HBV). The HBV super-infection has been one most severe forms chronic ...

introduction: hepatitis b is a potentially life-threatening infection that causes acute infection and chronic hepatitis with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). interleukin-12 (il12) is responsible for activation of th1 immune responses, leading to possible clearance of hbv infection from the host’s body. the host’s immune-genetic background plays an important role in t...

background and aims: recently, a novel dna virus was isolated from the serum of a patient with post-transfusion non a-g hepatitis and named tt virus. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence tt virus among cirrhotic patients due to hepatitis b & c in infection ahwaz. methods: the prevalence of ttv infection was studied in 41 patients with liver cirrhosis. ttv dna was detected by se...

in the recent issue of middle east journal of digestive diseases, we read with great interest the article by bahari et al. 1 , “significance of response to hepatitits b vaccine in subjects with isolated antibody to hepatitis b core antigen”. we wanted to specify some important matters related to the article.

Background: Recently, some new viruses have been identified for their association with hepatitis which Torque Teno Mini Virus being among them. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Torque Teno Mini Virus in healthy individuals and hepatitis B and C patients in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: One hundred serum samples of healthy individuals from Isfahan Blood Transfusi...

background immunomodulators and nucleotide analogues have been used globally for the dealing of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. however, the development of drug resistance is a major limitation to their long-term effectiveness. objectives the aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase (rt) protein variations among iranian chronic hbv carriers wh...