It is very important to design a safe factor or estimating the remain lifetime for electric power plant components of steam pipes which mostly manufacture by high chromium steels and work at high temperature and low stress level. The author will develop the mechanisms based on creep damage constitutive equations for high chromium steel under lows stress in initial stage: (1) Creep cavities most...

Chromium carbide-based cermets are suitable for use in abrasive and corrosive environments. This work presents the fabrication of chromium by a very fast sintering process: Electric Resistance Sintering. The thermal cycle duration was less than 1 s without protective atmosphere. Two different compositions were studied: Cr3C2-25NiCr (wt%) WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni (wt%). Microstructure crystallographic pha...

The main aim of this case study is to present the changes caused by heat treatment on structure and properties 100Cr6 steel annealing, hardening, tempering in combination with previous chemical-heat (CHT) boriding. boriding causes microstructure samples, which include a change morphology deposited cementite volume chromium carbide particles. transformed from its original granular form lamellar ...

There is now a large volume of sophisticated steels which rely on silicon as an alloying addition with the purpose of avoiding the precipitation of cementite. But there is also evidence that the silicon can enhance the formation of ε–carbide; the mechanism of this effect is not understood and the absence of appropriate thermodynamic data makes it impossible to conduct calculations. We report he...

Incomplete bainitic transformation during austempering treatment is mainly caused by the supersatu-ration of austenite with carbon. Such supersaturated becomes more stable and further stabi-lization led silicon alloying. Stable does not transform remains in structure as so-called residual austenite. Therefore, carbides, which are desirable a conventional struc-ture, cannot be formed carbide fre...

It is based on the experiments conducted for study of chromium removal and recovery from chrome tanning waste water of leather industry for chromium removal about 98.5% was achieved at pH 8.0 and at this pH reduction of COD is 61.5 % and percentage for removal of color from the wastewater of leather industry is 99.5% under applying the batch experimental condition. For this purpose, it is carri...