The Shepherd of Hermas1 is “one of the most enigmatic writings to have come down to us from Christian antiquity”; it “bristles with problems, both literary and theological.”2 From a doctrinal point of view, it is puzzling that this text never scandalized its contemporaries or later Orthodoxy.3 Indeed, if the Christology of this writing “is what most interpreters say it is ... it is strange that...

This paper brings bioethics into line with biotechnology (which means extending the traditionally narrow definition of bioethics) and proposes a new field of biotheology as a theology of life which belongs alongside the more traditional sub-disciplines of systematic theology such as theological anthropology (doctrine of humanity), Christology, pneumatology and ecclesiology. An intentional focus...

Abstract Oosterbaan identified a tradition of Anabaptist christology running from Ziegler in Strassborg the 1520s to Menno Simons 1550s. I demonstrate that this continued until at least around 1700, first amongst Waterlander Mennonites Netherlands, and then English General Baptists. sketch development diversity tradition, ask whether it might be considered ‘orthodox’, reflecting on scholarly re...