Combined inoculation of cattle with vaccine strains of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis induced lower antibody titers to B. bigemina than to B. bovis (previous study). Three groups of heifers were used to detect if the low antibody level was due to competition between Babesia species: individuals of G1 and G2 were inoculated with 10 million B. bigemina and B. bovis, respectively, and those of...

Pathogenic mycobacteria must acquire iron in the host in order to multiply and cause disease. To do so, they release abundant quantities of siderophores called exochelins, which have the capacity to scavenge iron from host iron-binding proteins and deliver it to the mycobacteria. In this study, we have characterized the exochelins of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine and occasi...

The epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States is changing as the incidence of disease becomes more concentrated in foreign-born persons. Mycobacterium bovis appears to be contributing substantially to the TB incidence in some binational communities with ties to Mexico. We conducted a retrospective analysis of TB case surveillance data from the San Diego, California, region from 199...

The gene encoding Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure specific antibodies against B. bovis. The B. bovis RAP-1 gene was subcloned into a baculovirus transfer vector, and the RAP-1 protein was expressed in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. The recombinant B. bovis RAP-1 of 65 kDa was de...

Streptococci identified as Streptococcus bovis, S. bovis variant, and Streptococcus salivarius were examined with respect to physiological and serological characteristics and cellular fatty acid content. Similarities in physiological reactions and problems encountered in serological analysis were noted, suggesting that an expanded battery of physiological tests is needed to definitively identif...

In most countries, tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is mainly a disease of cattle but can infect buffalos too. The disease can be controlled successfully by mean of a test-and-slaughter program. In Iran test-and-slaughter program has started since 1971 and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis reduces from 5% to less than 0.12% in recent years. In Western Azarbaijan, North West of Iran, t...

Profile analysis of mycolic acid ester patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Gúerin (BCG) using high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that separation of BCG from M. tuberculosis and M. bovis by elution and relative retention times is possible. Mycolic acid patterns of BCG eluted from the column 0.5 min before M. tubercu...

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a molecular detection technique (nested PCR) with that of mycobacterial culture in the detection of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in a set of 687 samples of experimentally inoculated environmental substrates (hay, soil, corn, water) exposed to natural weather conditions in Michigan. Four replicates of each substrate were used; half were auto...

Mycoplasma bovis is a cell-wall-less bacterium and belongs to the class Mollicutes. It is the most important etiological agent of bovine mycoplasmoses in North America and Europe, causing respiratory disease, mastitis, otitis media, arthritis, and reproductive disease. Clinical disease associated with M. bovis is often chronic, debilitating, and poorly responsive to antimicrobial therapy, resul...

Reisolation of Mycobacterium bovis from inoculated substrates was used to follow the persistence of viable M. bovis bacteria exposed to natural weather conditions over a 12-month period. Environmental factors were recorded continuously, and factors affecting M. bovis persistence (i.e., temperature, season, and substrate) were studied using survival analysis and Cox's proportional hazards regres...