The investigation of disease-modifying treatment options for osteoarthritis (OA) has become an important aspect of orthopaedic care. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the evidence for the use of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate for knee OA with the goal of elucidating their indications for clinical use. The published clinical studies of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate ...

After chondroitinase digestion of bovine nasal and tracheal cartilage proteoglycans, subsequent treatment with trypsin or trypsin followed by chymotrypsin yielded two major types of polypeptide-glycosaminoglycan fragments which could be separated by Sepharose 6B chromatography. One fragment, located close to the hyaluronic acid-binding region of the protein core, had a high relative keratan sul...

Human knee joint menisci graded according to degenerative alterations were submitted to chemical analysis. Normal menisci contained 72% water, 0.12% DNA, 22% collagen, and 0.8% total glycosaminoglycans with the following glycosaminoglycan distribution pattern: 40% chondroitin 6-sulphate, 10-20% chondroitin 4-sulphate, 20-30% dermatan sulphate, and 15% keratan sulphate. The water content increas...

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is a public health problem throughout the world. Several entities have been carefully investigated for the symptomatic and structural management of OA. This review evaluates published studies of the effect of glucosamine salts and chondroitin sulfate preparations on the progression of knee or hip OA. Despite multiple double-blind, controll...

Bovine nucleus pulposus has been found to be a good source of a series of proteinpolysaccharides containing chondroitin 6-sulfate and keratan sulfate. Six distinct fractions have been separated, totaling 40 % of the dry weight of the tissue. Each fraction contains protein, chondroitin B-sulfate, and keratan sulfate, but the proportions of these components are different in each fraction. Of thes...

An injectable hydrogel inspired by platelet clotting mediators is developed based on natural components of the human body including serotonin and chondroitin sulfate, which exhibits improved hemostatic performance wound healing capability.

We report the 4.682-Mbp high-quality draft assembly of the Escherichia coli strain ATCC 23502 (serovar O5:K4:H4, also known as NCDC U1-41) genome. This uropathogenic strain, commonly referred to as E. coli K4, produces a glycosaminoglycan-like capsular polysaccharide with a backbone similar in structure to unsulfated chondroitin, a precursor to the nutraceutically and potentially pharmaceutical...

Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans are sulfated polysaccharides involved in cell division, neuronal development, and spinal cord injury. Here, we report the synthesis and identification of a chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharide that stimulates the growth and differentiation of neurons. These studies represent the first, direct investigations into the structure-activity relationships of chond...

The hydrodynamic frictional resistance to water flow exerted by articular cartilage proteoglycan is shown to be similar to that of proteoglycan isolated from Swarm rat chondrosarcoma, and independent of the state of aggregation of the proteoglycan. Frictional resistance is dependent, however, on the chain segments of the constituent chondroitin-sulphate and keratan-sulphate chains of the proteo...

We report here the isolation and sulphation isomer analyses of trisaccharides GalNAcS(beta1,4)GlcA(beta1,3)GalNAcS (in which S indicates sulphate) derived from the non-reducing termini of aggrecan chondroitin sulphate. Rat chondrosarcoma and human aggrecans were digested for 1 h at 37 degrees C with 30 micro-units of endo-chondroitinase ABC per microgram of chondroitin sulphate, and trisacchari...