Exposure to mercury species was assessed in the hair of 130 Spanish children (age 4) from the general population in two areas. Both areas are exposed to different sources of mercury: a point source in Ribera d'Ebre (northeastern Spain) and a diffuse source on the island of Menorca (northwestern Mediterranean). The median MeHg values in the hair of children from Ribera d'Ebre (RE) were nearly tw...

It is well known that chlor-alkali industries using mercury as a cathode are an important source of this heavy metal to aquatic environments. Once discharged into rivers, lakes or coastal waters, mercury accumulates in sediments and in the aquatic food web (Gonzalez, 1991). Both elemental mercury and its compounds are noxious to all living organisms, and are bioaccumulative and persistent. Meta...

of high quality at high concentration (2,3). The performance of the membrane-type chlor-alltali plant mainly depends on the cell design, the membrane, the quality of feed brine, and operating conditions. Of these, the brine quality is the key factor affecting the service life and the performIn the case of conversion from amalgam to membrane process, it is important to elucidate the effects of m...

Abstract The chemical industry contributes to 6% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A handful processes (ammonia, nitric acid, methanol, olefins, aromatics, and chlor-alkali) account for 65% those Decarbonization the will depend on addressing intermittency renewable electricity possibly via low-carbon hydrogen production using water electrolysis. power grid, which could hap...

Abstract We examined polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like compounds formation during brine electrolysis with pitch used as the binding agent of graphite electrode. Graphite electrode was used in the past as an industrial process of chlorine production. The level of PCDFs was up to 1,800,000pg/L (28,000pg-TEQ/L) in brine electrolysis with pitch...

A four-step novel sequential extraction procedure (SEP) was developed to assess Hg fractionation and mobility in three highly contaminated soils from chlor-alkali plants (CAPs). The SEP was validated using a certified reference material (CRM) and pure Hg compounds. Total, volatile, and methyl Hg concentrations were also determined using single extractions. Mercury was separated into four fracti...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an alcohol-based caries detector (Kurakay) on the surface tension of a conventional sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) preparation, and a product containing a surface-active agent (Chlor-XTRA). The surface tensions of the following solutions were tested: NaOCl, a mixture of NaOCl and Kurakay 9:1 w/w, Chlor-XTRA, a mixture of Chlor-XTRA and Kuraka...