Cooperation and conflict are regarded as diametric extremes of animal social behaviour, yet the two may intersect under rare circumstances. We here report that territorial competitors in a common North American songbird species, the chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina), sometimes form temporary coalitions in the presence of simulated territorial intruders. Moreover, analysis of birds' vocal ma...

Nacrtak Conducted within the scope of a larger Italian project, the study analyzes three recovery alternatives for logging residue and identifies the conditions that make one preferable to the others. To the purpose, the authors used spreadsheet models based on experiments, which return the delivered cost of biomass as a function of working conditions and costing assumptions. Chipping, bundling...

The production cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) is considered an important alternative to reduction in food scarcity around the world. In Kenya, it rapidly gaining prominence due declining of staple foods, especially maize and wheat. Though still a poor man’s food, usage has greatly diversified terms both industrial domestic applications. This coupled with introduction improved varieties better fa...

Abstract. As rocks are transported, they primarily undergo two breakdown mechanisms: fragmentation and chipping. Fragmentation is catastrophic breakup by fracture in the bulk – either subcritical crack growth under repeated collisions, or from a single high-energy (supercritical) collision produces angular shards. Chipping distinct low-energy mechanism of impact attrition that involves shallow ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present pilot study was to test whether or not posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with pressed veneering ceramic exhibit less chipping than FDPs with layered veneering ceramics. METHODS Forty patients (13 female, 27 male; mean age 54 years (range 26.1-80.7 years) in need of one maxillary or mandibular three-unit FDP in the second premolar or mo...