background: our information regarding immunity to toxoplasmosis among reproductive age women is indeterminate and there is significant variation between reported results; it is necessary to perform a meta-analysis study on subjects to obtain required findings and develop preventive measures accordingly. objective: estimation level of immunity to toxoplasmosis in reproductive ages. materials and...

During the past five years, multipartnered fertility has gained recognition as a problem whose importance is perhaps equal to that of nonmarital childbearing, unintended childbearing and childbearing among women younger than age 18. Much of the data onmultipartnered fertility has come from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. In this issue of Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive H...

In most societies, women at age 39 with higher levels of education have fewer children. To understand this association, we investigated the effects of childbearing on educational attainment and the effects of education on fertility in the 1964 birth cohort of Norwegian women. Using detailed annual data from ages 17 to 39, we estimated the probabilities of an additional birth, a change in educat...

This paper is the latest in a series initiated in 1999 which investigates childbearing in low fertility countries from a cohort perspective. Principal conclusions: Major changes in childbearing patterns are continuously taking place in almost all countries. Large families with four and more children have all but disappeared. Almost everywhere the two-child family became dominant. Proportions of...

Volume 35,Number 3,September 2009 Adolescent pregnancy has been linked to the perpetuation of poverty across successive generations of women in a family, largely because it interrupts young women’s schooling and reduces their chances of entering the job market.1–4 From a deterministic viewpoint, the underlying hypothesis is that the children of women who became pregnant as adolescents see early...

ACENTURY FROM NOW, social and demographic historians may be pondering the question of why the topic of teenage childbearing suddenly became so prominent in America during the last several decades of the twentieth century. The issue emerged from social invisibility during the 1950s and early 1960s, when rates of childbearing among teens reached historical peaks, and rose to a level of public obs...

We examine the transition to adulthood in a poor, white, rural community Appalachia. Young adults come of age context persistent poverty, economic decline, an ongoing opioid and addiction crisis, strong norms about family work bolstered by religious institutions. For low-income young this community, stage life course is both expedited emerging. Marriage childbearing are expedited, frequently oc...

INTRODUCTION Many HIV-affected couples living in sub-Saharan Africa desire to have children, but few quantitative studies have examined support for their childbearing needs. Our study explored client-provider communication about childbearing and safer conception among HIV clients in Uganda. METHODS 400 Ugandan HIV clients in committed relationships and with intentions to conceive were surveye...