ruminal bacteria and protozoa provide excellent organic phosphorus (p) sources for the host animal. this experiment was conducted to compare the bioavailability of bacterial and protozoal p in comparison with that of dicalcium phosphate (dcp) as a reference phosphorus source. bacteria and protozoa were isolated from the rumen contents of dairy cows and the chick-model was used to determine the ...

objective(s) in this study we investigated the expression of gabaa receptor subunits during brain development. these receptors may change in the embryonic chick forebrain. materials and methodes the expression levels of four types of gabaa receptor gamma subunits (γ1, γ2, γ3 and γ4) were quantified in the embryonic chick forebrain at 32 hr, 3, 7, 14, and 20 days of incubation and day one after ...

the effect of in ovo injection of olive leaf extract as a growth promoter antibiotic was studied on hatchability, day old chick weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality and carcass efficiency. three hundred and twenty eggs were divided into 4 groups, and injected on day 18. treatments consisted of: 1- control (no injection). 2- injection of 1 ml of distilled water in air sac (dw), ...

The chick homologue of the helix-loop-helix gene Id3 was isolated, and its expression pattern was analyzed during early stages of chick development. Chick Id3 is dynamically expressed in the olfactory, lens, and otic placodes. It is also observed in the epiphysis, nephric primordium, stomodeum, dermomyotome, distal branchial arches, dorsolateral hindbrain, foregut endoderm, dorsal spinal cord, ...

Differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma (DAN) is a member of a cystine knot protein family that includes Cerberus and Gremlin. First isolated in a screen to identify genes down-regulated in transformed rat fibroblasts, DAN has subsequently been cloned in Xenopus, mouse, and human. Overexpression of DAN suppresses the transformed phenotype and retards the cell's entry in...

Induction of DNA synthesis in embryonic chick red cells has been examined during the first and second cell cycles after fusion with HeLa cells synchronized in different parts of G1 and S-phase. The data indicate that: (i) the younger the embryonic blood the more rapidly the red cells are induced into DNA synthesis; (ii) the greater the ratio of HeLa to chick nuclei in the heterokaryon, the more...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38) is a potent activator of cyclic AMP formation in the chick brain. The peptide also stimulates inositol phosphates accumulation and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the chick cerebral cortex. In this work, we analyzed whether PACAP38-induced increase in cyclic AMP production in the chick cerebrum can be modified by a PKC pathway. ...

Transcriptionally inactive chick erythrocyte nuclei were reactivated by Sendai virus-induced fusion of erythrocytes with rat L6J1 myoblasts. We used antibodies to trace the appearance of a specific protein engaged in transcription of a defined class of genes, those coding for rRNA, during reactivation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we found increasing amounts of rat RNA polymerase I to a...

Examination of multiple proteomics datasets within or between species increases the reliability of protein identification. We report here proteomes of inner-ear hair bundles from three species (chick, mouse, and rat), which were collected on LTQ or LTQ Velos ion-trap mass spectrometers; the constituent proteins were quantified using MS2 intensities, which are the summed intensities of all pepti...